Periodontal Disease - Description

In a healthy person, teeth are held in place by a combination of soft tissue and bone. The soft tissue is known as the gums. Periodontal disease can attack any part of the gums or bone. The most common forms of periodontal disease are gingivitis, periodontitis, and trench mouth.

Gingivitis

The gingiva is the outermost part of the gums. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva. The gingiva becomes red and loses its normal shape. Bleeding occurs easily, during toothbrushing, for example. Gingivitis may be present for many years without becoming a serious medical problem. In some cases, however, it may become more severe. It may become very painful and lead to loss of tissue between the teeth. Poor oral (mouth) hygiene, fatigue, a poor diet, and stress may all lead to gingivitis.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a more serious form of gingivitis. Periodontitis is also called pyorrhea. Plaque and tartar sometimes form on the outer surfaces of teeth. Plaque and tartar are thin films of food particles and saliva. They provide a home for bacteria that cause tooth decay.

The decay caused by these bacteria sometimes extends down into the gums. There may be damage to the bone structure that holds teeth in place. The teeth become loose and may fall out. Periodontitis in adults is the most serious form of periodontal disease. It is the main cause of tooth loss in adults.

Periodontitis also occurs in children, but it is much less common than in adults. If not treated, periodontitis in children can become chronic. That is, it does not get better but is always present as a health problem. In some cases, it may become much worse in adulthood, leading to tooth loss.

Trench Mouth

Gingivitis can also lead to a condition known as trench mouth. The most common cause of trench mouth is poor oral hygiene. Stress, a poor diet, and lack of sleep may also be factors.