Top Document: Unix - Frequently Asked Questions (2/7) [Frequent posting] Previous Document: How do I tell inside .cshrc if I'm a login shell? Next Document: How do I find the last argument in a Bourne shell script? See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge 2.11) How do I construct a shell glob-pattern that matches all files except "." and ".." ? You'd think this would be easy. * Matches all files that don't begin with a "."; .* Matches all files that do begin with a ".", but this includes the special entries "." and "..", which often you don't want; .[!.]* (Newer shells only; some shells use a "^" instead of the "!"; POSIX shells must accept the "!", but may accept a "^" as well; all portable applications shall not use an unquoted "^" immediately following the "[") Matches all files that begin with a "." and are followed by a non-"."; unfortunately this will miss "..foo"; .??* Matches files that begin with a "." and which are at least 3 characters long. This neatly avoids "." and "..", but also misses ".a" . So to match all files except "." and ".." safely you have to use 3 patterns (if you don't have filenames like ".a" you can leave out the first): .[!.]* .??* * Alternatively you could employ an external program or two and use backquote substitution. This is pretty good: `ls -a | sed -e '/^\.$/d' -e '/^\.\.$/d'` (or `ls -A` in some Unix versions) but even it will mess up on files with newlines, IFS characters or wildcards in their names. In ksh, you can use: .!(.|) * User Contributions:Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic:Top Document: Unix - Frequently Asked Questions (2/7) [Frequent posting] Previous Document: How do I tell inside .cshrc if I'm a login shell? Next Document: How do I find the last argument in a Bourne shell script? Part1 - Part2 - Part3 - Part4 - Part5 - Part6 - Part7 - Single Page [ Usenet FAQs | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ] Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: tmatimar@isgtec.com (Ted Timar)
Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:12 PM
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