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rec.sport.table-soccer FAQ2 - Brush Passing Guide


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Archive-name: sports/table-soccer/brush-passing
Rec-sport-table-soccer-archive-name: brush-passing
Alt-sport-foosball-archive-name: brush-passing
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: 1994/04/15
URL: http//www2.hawaii.edu/~uyeyama/brush-passing.txt
Copyright: (c) 1994 Robert Uyeyama
Version: 2.4a

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************************************
FAQ 2  Guide to Passing  v 2.4
Rec.Sport.Table-soccer
************************************
(c) 1995 Rob Uyeyama (uyeyama@hawaii.edu)

The latest version of this file is available at Foosball Heaven
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~uyeyama/foosball.html

This FAQ is divided into three sections.
        I:   5-3 bar passing, advice for beginners 
        II:  5-3 bar passing, guide to brush-passing (for beginners and
                  intermediates); the most important chapter.
        III: 2-3 bar and 2-5 bar passing, preliminary guide.

Five bar in defense and in doubles play zone-defense will be covered in 
the 
Guide to Defense FAQ-- for a quick review, see the "learning-foosball" 
faq 
(#4) as well as the definition of zone-defense in the glossary file 
(faq1).

       v2.2 Added a short paragraph on 2-5 bar passing options in Chapter 
       III, as well as a few minor corrections in Chapter II.
       v2.3 Added the paragraph "two more options" on the brush pass 
series, 
       and Chapter II was "cleaned up".
       v2.4 More clean-up

       This file is not intended to limit posts to alt.sport.foosball.  
This 
       file is not a "complete answer" to passing, so if you have 
questions, 
       please feel free to post directly to a.s.f. for added help.

       If anyone would like to write a chapter on the stick-pass series, 
       please let me know.

Introduction
       The reason for this file's existence is its Chapter II, describing 
brush-passing.  You do not need to read Chapter I to learn the brush pass 
described in the second chapter.  My recommendation is to simply ignore 
(or 
skim through) Chapter I, which has some basic concepts and a few tricks.  
The brush-pass, however, is a very important technique for competitive 
play, 
so freely skip to the second chapter and go to the first Chapter only for 
an 
occassional quick-to-learn trick.  Chapter III on 2-5 and 2-3 passing is 
only intended as a very general guideline.
       Regarding table brands, the brush-pass can be adapted to most 
types 
of tables, although this file was written with the hard surfaces and 
toe-shapes of the Tornado table in mind.  If your table (for example a 
Dynamo) is much "stickier", you may find that the brush-pass attempt 
simply 
ends up in a pinned ball.  In this case adapt the technique, starting the 
ball not quite so far back, and it should work fairly well.  With the 
Tournament Soccer and similar tables (e.g. Premier Soccer), the men's 
toes 
stand further from the playing field, so again, the answer is to move the 
ball slightly forward (from the recommended near-back-pin distance).  
Among 
almost all types of tables, the strategy of being able to shoot a quick 
wall 
_or_ lane pass from the _same_ position (and having the skill to catch 
such 
a fast pass) is universal.  Note that the alternative stick-pass series 
is 
not described here, and probably will be included in a later version of 
this 
file.

I. 5-3 bar passing, advice for beginners
        At first, when seeing players much better than yourself for the 
first time, it seems most tempting to concentrate on learning their 
seemingly awesome shots, and how to defend against them. However, 
eventually 
even this sort of knowledge will be insufficient, especially in any level 
of 
competitive play; for even if you possess an unstoppable three bar shot 
and 
your opponent a medicore shot, but if you cannot get the ball from the 
five 
bar to your three bar, and your opponent can, you will lose the majority 
of 
games.  Of course, without ball control and a fairly high-percentage 
(i.e. 
"good") shot on the three bar, passing it here will do little good.  So 
once 
you've developed enough ball control to set the ball where you want on 
the 
three bar, and once you've learned a pretty good shot, you should cease 
most 
shooting from the five bar and concentrate on getting the ball to your 
high-percentage scorer, the three-bar. 

       The easiest pass, especially for use against other beginner 
opponents, is the "wall-pass."  This pass can be done either on the near 
or 
far wall.  The near wall description follows:  Pull your three bar all 
the 
way to the wall, and DO NOT move it off of the wall: the ball will be 
travelling near the wall to the three bar, and if your three bar comes 
even 
a hair off of the wall, the ball may roll past you between your near man 
and 
the wall-- remember the bumper on the wall prevents your man from 
actually 
being in contact with the wall, so that "on the wall" actually means 
almost 
a full ball-length away from the wall!
        To facilitate catching a fast pass, angle your three bar forward, 
about at the angle at which you would be able to front-pin an imaginary 
ball, i.e. head backwards, toes forward.  This way the man absorbs more 
of 
the impact of a fast moving ball, instead of causing the ideally fast 
pass 
to simply ricochet out of reach, probably to your opponent's five-bar 
region.  
   Note:  (For a more advanced catching technique, see part II "Guide to 
Brush Passing", which explains a wrist flick that is done with the 
catching 
bar at the same time as the pass, so that the maximum extension of the 
men 
is at the forward angle I have just described in the previous paragraph.)
        To pass a wall pass, position the ball an inch or two away from 
the 
wall along the five bar (but don't put the ball ON the wall, since your 
man 
is _not_ on the wall), and "shoot" it straight and hard to pass to the 
near 
man on your three bar.  Note a few points:  1)  this pass, if done 
correctly, deposits the ball squeezed in the space between the near man 
on 
the 3-bar and the wall; 2) but even if passed directly onto the man's 
toe, 
the pass is easily caught;  3)  However, if passed into the space 
described 
in 1), it is possible to EASILY catch a pass that is as fast as your 
fastest 
five-bar shot! (although such a high-velocity pass may also be caught, 
with 
more practice, directly on the toe of the man); 4) also note that this 
"wall" pass can be done with the ball's starting position even up to and 
past a full ball-length away from the wall; 5) Note: with most beginner 
level opponents you can wait until they flinch away from the wall, and if 
you can do the fast version of the pass, you can pass it through that 
fraction-of-a-second flinch.  7) Note than in a fast-paced game, you will 
eventually be able to immediately do a wall pass when you catch the ball 
on 
your five bar, e.g. when your five-bar blocks a two-bar shot.  (However 
in 
competitive play, all tournament level opponents would easily intercept 
such 
an on-the-fly wall pass.)
        Two more things to think about:  1)  You DEFINITELY SHOULD start 
now 
to make it a habit to keep your three bar in the front-angled position at 
all times, always ready to catch a moving ball, esp. from an on-the-fly 
wall 
pass.  2)  If your opponent learns to cover the wall pass,your five-bar 
angle shot may be open, and if so, you can shoot, or even try to pass 
through that hole.  This type of pass is called a LANE pass (i.e. passing 
through the space between the first and second men on the opposing five 
bar 
when it is on the wall.)  This is a tournament level option here; if you 
can 
pass both a lane or a wall pass from the SAME position, and if you can 
pass 
the ball at high speed, you have a tournament-competitive pass. This 
option 
is described in the next part, II: 5-3 passing, Guide to Brush Passing.  
But 
for now, if you are only beginning, practice your ball control, your 
three-bar shot, and your fast wall pass.
        One other beginner pass:  Roll the ball down toward either wall.
At the FAR END of the 2nd man's reach (i.e. the closest the 2nd
man will reach toward the wall), pass the ball lightly with the 2nd man, 
angling it toward the wall (where your three bar resting).  This angle is 
easy, since it is in the same direction as the ball's original direction 
of 
motion.
         Rationale:  Beginning opponents will tend to follow the 
ball, and as they also bang their rods against the wall, their 2nd man 
can 
no longer guard the ANGLE-pass you just shot OUT OF its reach; only the 
1st 
man can guard it and he just banged into the wall as your opponent 
followed 
the motion of the ball!
   TWO TRICK PASSES that are good to know, but taken by themselves are 
useless to depend upon... i.e. if you're going to practice a pass, skip 
this 
section and practice chapter II's brush pass instead): 1) begin with the 
ball (slightly to the rear of the rod), between your first an second man 
of 
the near side.  In one single fluid motion, pull the rod then flick your 
wrist.  This will result in the 2nd man passing the ball to the 1st man 
(a 
"kick" or lateral pass), which then immedietaly passes the ball along the 
wall; this can be done VERY fast; practice this fast or not at all.  
Placing 
the ball slightly toward the rear helps make a smaller lag time between 
the 
kick and the wall pass, and in general is a good habit in passing.  2) 
bounce the ball rapidly between the 1st and 2nd man.  On one of the 
bounces, 
lift your man as the ball approaches the 1st man and pass it, either 
along 
the wall, or along the lane.  Practice the wall pass version first, since 
it's similar to pass "1)".  This works because with every bounce you are 
potentially moving the ball in position for a pass; your opponent can't 
react to every bounce effectively, nor can he easily tell which bounce 
will 
be the real pass.  Note that you can bounce it back and forth by mostly 
moving the men to meet the ball, rather than bouncing the ball the full 
possible range between the two men; note also that this motion can be 
done 
with the ball bouncing in a range rather near the wall, or away from the 
wall, or both in unpredictable succession.  This bouncing is the basis 
for 
the "stick-pass" series, which is not described here.
        PRACTICE TIPS FOR EVERYONE: Most beginners don't know the ranges 
of 
each man's reach on the five bar, and don't know very well the _edges_ of 
the men's reach on the three bar.  So:  Lift the opposing five-bar, and 
just 
pass back and forth between your five and three, doing ALL angle passes.  
The straight passes are easy to learn and intuitive, but intercepting an 
angling ball with the five bar is the part that is the hardest and needs 
the 
practice.  Most people just wake up one morning after practicing the 
night 
before and find that their brain has figured it all out!
        For defending against passes, you can either angle your men
forward and attempt to "swat" at the passes, so that they bounce to
your three bar or back to your five bar... Or you can angle your men
backwards so that you will catch any blocked passes, so that now it
is your turn to pass-- you don't want your opponent to keep regaining
possession of passes you have blocked!  But don't angle them too far 
back, 
because you'll unknowingly be leaving the wall pass _always_ open!
The general motion is an unpredictable back-forth motion done very 
rapidly 
to swat away all slow- and medium-speed passes.  See the 
"learning-foosball"
faq (#4) for more tips on 5-rod defense.


II: 5-3 passing, GUIDE TO BRUSH PASSING
        I will begin with a disclaimer.  I am a rookie (i.e. beginning
competitive level) player, so my knowledge of brush passing may not
be entirely satisfactory to experts and pros but know the fundamentals 
well 
enough to relate the technique and the conceptual reasons behind them; if 
you have any suggestions or corrections, please don't hesitate to email 
me.
        As I mentioned briefly in part I, the essence of the brush pass 
is 
that you can pass either a wall pass, or an off-the-wall pass (lane pass) 
from the SAME position; hence your opponent will not know _which_ pass 
you 
are attempting until too late if the pass is fast enough.  The method I 
will 
describe is only the basic "near-side brush pass beginning from a 2nd-man 
pin."  Other variations exist, but I feel this method will bring the 
quickest results and knowledge enough to learn the other variations (e.g. 
far wall, off near-wall bounce, 2nd man brush-down, etc.)
   Once you feel you understand the concepts, SKIP to "HOW TO PRACTICE 
THE 
BRUSH PASS" at the end of this section; this will give the real meat of 
"getting better".  The beginning of this chapter will discuss the 
intellectual how and why of the pass, as well as the practical (i.e. 
actual 
game-usable and USTSA-legal) application of it.  The "how and why" 
section 
is so detailed because I have observed many people who have tried to 
learn 
the brush pass but had great difficulty because they didn't understand 
what 
each element of the technique was really doing.  Once the player 
understands 
"why brush the ball", and "why place the ball so far back", and so on, it 
is 
much easier to learn the pass.
        
        First, a commonly used hand/arm posture for the left arm is 
with the palm facing up under the five-bar handle, and the elbow pointing 
out to your left.  You should lean down slightly so that your upper arm 
is 
almost directly above, and parallel to, your lower arm.  These techniques 
provide leverage for the quick push/pull motion required to "brush" the 
ball 
and put a spin on it.  Make sure that when you flick the rod with this 
grip 
that the men follow through to end up at least 45 degrees forward or even 
parallel-forward to the table.  Although you may not be able to swing the 
man backwards too much, you only need to lift it back enough to just 
barely 
clear the top of the ball-- any farther and you are revealing your 
intentions to the opponent as well as compromising the power of your 
pass.  Try 
to avoid rolling the handle along your fingers with an opened-palm when 
you 
are passing.  It will feel strange at first, but keep at it.
        Rules:  Since passing from a stationary ball is illegal, you must 
set 
the ball in motion.  Since passing IMMEDIATELY w/the same man you set 
the ball in motion with is also illegal (like a pull-shot-pass), you must 
pass it (or at least touch it)  with a different man.  Hence, we will 
set the ball in motion pull-direction with the near 2nd man of the 
5-bar, and pass it with the near man:
     ***First position your 3-bar on the near wall; make this a constant 
habit.  Then on your 5-bar back-pin the ball with the 2nd man from the 
near 
side, men slightly forward.  Adjust the pin (tapping the ball and rocking 
it 
slightly) until it is about to slip out with increased pressure.  Now 
roll 
it laterally and VERY SLOWLY toward your near man.  The near man will 
then 
pass the ball by putting a spin on it using a "brush" motion, to be 
described.
   Notes:  1) The ball is placed to the rear of the rod because this 
   provides a better position to put spin on the ball once it is moved 
   laterally to the passing man. It is the spin which will result in the 
   angle in the ball's motion; 2) if the ball is rolled from a really 
solid 
   back pin (i.e. ball too far back) the near man will not be able to put 
a 
   spin on (the back of) the ball, and will most likely only pin (the top 
   of) the ball again, or briefly pin then squeeze out the ball 
   unpredictably; we want to pass it, not pin it again.  3)  Make sure 
   the pass to your 1st man is perfectly lateral, so that it reaches the 
1st 
   man at near the same almost-back-pin distance it started from.  4)  
The 
   slowness of the lateral motion is OK, because this is NOT the part of 
the 
   motion which is intended to deceive your opponent; great care in 
setting 
   up the ball position with this motion, and the longer time-window to 
   choose among your impending passes are the two reasons for the slow 
roll 
   to your 1st man... keep it _slow_.
        
         Before I describe how to pass the ball with the 1st man, 
here is a paragraph of comments on the pass: Remember you want to have 
the 
option of either wall-passing or lane-passing.  Ideally then, you want to 
start the pass exactly between the wall and the lane.  So figure this 
area 
out by watching the near man's range of motion as you push and pull the 
rod 
all the way.  The general center of this left-right distance is where you 
will begin your pass.  Important note: Here, and on the far man, is the 
LARGEST distance guarded by only a single man on the entire five bar; 
there 
is no 6th man beyond the wall to come to the rescue to block a wall 
pass-- 
this is why passes are done near the wall; also the near wall is more 
easily 
visible, so we begin with this version, rather than the far wall.  The 
path 
of the wall pass seems simple enough; angle the ball toward the wall, and 
if 
there is enough spin the ball will hug the wall all the way down to your 
three-bar.  But where is the lane?  Pull the opponent's five-bar to your 
near wall.  See the opposing 2nd man?  He can't go any further!  The 
ideal 
lane pass is just out of his reach; the only man who can block it is the 
1st 
man, who is also busy guarding the wall pass!
        Okay, now the hard part.  Remember approximately where you are 
going 
to pass the ball from (between the wall and lane).  This is really only 
approximate, since you will wait for an opening, and then hit it, and the 
ball will be rolling slowly while you are deciding.  CENTER your near man 
just behind the rolling ball and follow it.  If you rolled it correctly 
from 
the 2nd man's tenuous-pin, your near man should look like it is about to 
pin 
the ball; it should not be obviously far up in the air away from the 
ball.  
Since the man is centered on the ball and following it, the opponent 
can't 
tell which pass you are preparing for, since at the center you are 
prepared 
for both!  How so?  From here, you "brush" the ball, either in the push 
(aka 
brush-up) or pull (aka brush-down) direction.  Usually a few fakes are 
thrown in for good measure, but let's practice without fakes for now.
         What does "brush" mean?  Try to "scrape", or "brush" the BACK or 
BACK-TOP very edge of the ball with your man as hard as you can, while 
applying the LEAST amount of pressure possible to the ball, but 
maintaining contact and DO THE BRUSH MOTION FAST.  Remember to 
follow-through after the brush; don't stop and let your 5-rod follow 
through all the way to the near (brush-down) or far (brush-up) wall.
I repeat: always do the the brush motion fast; don't even practice it 
slowly 
just to "get the feel of it", because you won't.  The brush will result 
in a 
SPIN on the ball, which angles the ball in the direction of your brush 
(i.e. 
a brush-down pulls it toward the wall, a brush-up pushes it toward the 
lane).
	Finally, the two most common mistakes:  1)  none of this will work 
unless at the time you brush the ball, the ball really is towards the 
back 
of the rod, i.e. just forward of the line at which you could back-pin 
balls 
securely.  Really.  So if you aren't getting this, try doing a 
brush-down to a stationary ball, and begin with trying a pinned ball.  
Then progressively move the ball forward and try it again; the best 
brush often works where many beginners think it will actually be 
pinned. The ball-positioning to that back position maximizes the 
spin resulting from the brush.  2)  the other common mistake is to 
"swing" 
at the ball, as if to shoot it forward; the brush motion is mostly a 
sideways motion with very little forward swing-- at first try to err on 
the 
side of too little swing (i.e. _no_ swing while maintaining contact for 
the 
brush), then adjust from there; the ball will move forward if you brush 
it 
right anyhow, and any swinging at the ball, or follow-through, is done 
near 
the _very end_ of the brush motion-- but at first, don't even try to 
swing 
as a followthrough and just try to isolate the fast brushing motion.
          Once you get the hang of it, it is VERY IMPORTANT to always be 
aware, especially with Tornado men (with subtly angled toes), of the 
exact 
area of the toe which is intended to brush the ball; it is usually along 
the 
subtle _angle_ of the toe-- you probably didn't even notice this shape 
before did you?  If your pass doesn't seem to be working, concentrate on 
the bottom of the two surfaces of the toe on either side of this edge.  
(The 
bottom one is gridded with horizontal and vertical hatches, and the top 
one has only vertical hatches-- these vertical hatches on the top side 
help impart spin upon brushing.)
        If done correctly, the brush will result in a significant spin 
(good), causing it to whizz away at an angle; in the case of a 
brush-down/wall pass, the ball will angle into the wall and _hug_ the 
wall 
all the way to your waiting three-bar.  Practice the pull-brush wall-pass 
first and note: the first time you do it right, YOU WILL KNOW; the ball 
will 
move in a very counter-intuitive way, seemingly disobeying the laws of 
foosball Physics; it will seemingly be about to bounce off the wall, but 
instead it will hug the wall as described all the way to your 3-bar.  
When 
this happens the first time, remember how it feels like--  and try to 
reproduce it.  Again, always do the sideways brush motion as fast as 
possible, and minimize forward swing.  For now you can practice this by 
putting the opposing 5-man about a pencil-width from your near wall; 
remember this is in addition to the width of the bumper, which is nearly 
an entire ball-width.
         Notes on doing it wrong:  1) If the ball is too far back when 
rolling, you will pin the ball, and it may even squeeze out in an 
unpredictable direction, or simply stay pinned.  2)  If the ball is too 
far 
forward, your brush motion is a) too transparent to the opponent and b) 
you 
will have to mostly swing at the ball and therefore the spin will only be 
mild resulting in a mild angle (perhaps missing the wall or lane and 
colliding with the opposing man) and little wall-hugging behavior.
        Practical notes:  1) at first, you may not find it easy to center 
your near man behind the rolling ball, so remember to roll the ball 
slowly; 
at first if you are intending a brush-up, you may be inadvertently 
positioning your man slightly to the right (near side) of the ball, 
giving 
away your intentions to the opponent, and the mirror image also applies 
for 
the brush-down (pull-brush).  Once you are well-practiced, you will be 
able 
to spin the ball w/your brush in both directions from directly behind the 
ball, or insert a series of fakes before you brush, for example fake 
up-down, up-down, in rapid succession, followed by "up", or "up-down" to 
really pass.  2)  experiment to find the best 2-man back-pin degree.  The 
previous paragraph explains too-far-back, too-far-forward, and 
just-right.  
Again, always be aware of the brushing surface of the toe at whatever 
angle 
you choose; 3)  To catch a wall pass, just leave your three-bar on the 
wall 
in the front-angled position described in part I.  5) To catch a lane 
pass, 
begin with your 3-bar ON THE WALL, then move it off of the wall AS you 
pass; 
don't make a habit of leaving it in position to catch a lane-pass before 
you 
pass.  6)  The lane pass is more forgiving if it has less spin; you may 
even 
be able to just "swing" at it with only medium brush/spin and get away 
with 
it if the opponent is adamantly guarding the wall; this is only a crutch, 
and will not work in the higher levels of tournament play; still it'll 
serve 
you well at first.  7)  Experiment with a variety of fakes, especially 
doing 
an "up-down-up-down" motion behind the ball before you pass.  8)  Use 
your 
brain; figure out which pass your opponent wants to guard, and shoot the 
OTHER pass!  9) Once you understand the concept by reading this, skip to 
"HOW TO PRACTICE THE BRUSH PASS" at the end of this section.
   NOTES ON CATCHING THE BALL: Catching the ball using the simple 
front-angled position of the three-bar (described in Part I) is 
eventually 
going to be "not good enough".  To catch a _really_ fast, spinning, 
angled 
pass, you should begin with your men straight down, then flex them 
forward 
as you catch the ball, and here's one good way to do this:
         1) for the three bar (right hand), find the correct position on 
the 
handle, so that at the maximum end of flicking your wrist all the way (as 
if 
shooting), your men are positioned in the front-angled ready-to-catch 
position.  2)  Now keep your hand in this grip, & bring your men down so 
that they 
are standing straight again; now you are ready to flick your men forward 
as 
you catch a fast pass!  3) On a Tornado, forget 1) & 2), and just put 
your thumb 
along the _narrow_ part of the handle on the bevel one or two away 
counterclockwise from the top bevel (i.e. about 11 o'clock) when the men 
are 
standing straight-- keep the men standing straight, then as you catch a 
pass, flick your men forward (keeping your thumb on your chosen bevel).  
Your thumb here prevents your wrist from swinging the 3-bar too far 
forward.  
This motion _greatly_ enhances your chances of catching a fast pass on 
any 
table, so now make it a habit to assume this grip (relative to the rod's 
rotational position.)  This type of catching will be absolutely essential 
once you begin to practice faster and faster passes; don't ignore!

         HOW TO PRACTICE THE BRUSH PASS:
         The description above was about how to execute the pass in a 
real 
game, why the brush pass is good, and how it works.  This section will 
help 
you develop the "brush-up" and "brush-down" motions themselves.  The 
brushing exercises will all be upon a stationary ball (which in a real 
game 
would not be legal), and again remember it's important to set the ball up 
a 
little to the rear as described.  The fakes included in these exercise 
are 
an essential part of what you actually do in a real game.
         HOW TO PRACTICE THE BRUSH-DOWN (pull-brush) to the wall:  First 
position your 3-bar on the wall, ready to catch a wall pass.  Then, place 
the ball about three inches from the near wall (along your 5-bar, 
slightly 
to the rear of the rod, not quite so far that you would pin it).  
Finally, 
do the exercise: 1) Position your 1st man behind the ball, and do four 
rapid 
fake-brushes, just barely behind, but not touching the ball: 
down-up-down-up.  2) Continuing this, brush "down" and pass the ball 
along 
the wall.
         Hence, the entire motion will be: down-up-down-up-DOWN, the last 
"down" being the real brush-down pass.  The pace (of the d-u-d-u-d) 
should 
be leisure-rapid-- in other words, not so fast that you are concentrating 
on 
the rapidity, and definitely not slowly since these are supposed to be 
fakes.  Remember to concentrate on putting spin on the ball and being 
aware 
of that angled-surface of the toe which is actually in contact with the 
ball, since your fakes can distract you from your technique.  At first, 
just 
push the opposing 5-bar to the far-wall, but as you get more confident, 
bring it in closer and closer to your near wall as you practice your 
series.
         HOW TO PRACTICE THE BRUSH-UP (push-brush) through the lane:  
Place 
your 3-bar on the wall as before, and place the ball in the same place 
along 
your 5-bar also as before.  Now: 1) do the SAME four fake-brushes behind 
the 
ball: down-up-down-up.  2)  Continue with down-UP, doing a real brush-up 
on 
the final "up".  3) As you brush up, move your 3-bar off of the wall to 
catch the pass through the lane.
          Hence the motion will be down-up-down-up-down-UP, looking 
practically identical to the brush-down exercise's down-up-down-up-DOWN.  
The difficult part is catching the ball, so you really have to practice 
holding your thumb on that 11 o'clock bevel (on the narrow part of the 
handle) and flicking your men forward as you catch the ball-- and don't 
cheat: _always_ begin with the 3-bar on the wall!
         So, practice about 100 of each version, or at least 25 if you're 
not used to practicing yet.  Once you have learned the techinque, you can 
practice 20 brush-ups followed by 20 brush-downs (or 10 and 10) until 
your 
series of 40 (or 20) passes are flawless; make sure you pass hard and 
completely catch each pass; don't get caught in the common mistake of 
practice the pass but not the catch.  Experiment later with placing the 
ball 
at different distances from the wall; for example with the brush-up, if 
the 
ball is very close to the wall, you will need more "brush" and less 
"swing" 
to angle the ball into the lane, while if the ball is farther from the 
wall 
and more directly in front of the lane, you will not need as much 
"brush", 
but more "swing" to execute a fast pass.  And the brush-down can be 
executed 
anywhere from near the wall to (eventually) the farthest reach of the 
near 
man away from the wall.  So vary the position once you've learned the 
brush 
motion, and that way you'll have a larger "strike-zone" from which you 
will 
be a threat to brush pass in either direction.
         PRACTICING THE SETUP:  This will be two similar exercises-- 
Begin 
with the 2nd-man back pin.  Then move the ball toward your first man.  
Execute a series of fakes, about six: down-up-down-up-down-up.  Then 
intercept the ball before it hits the wall by moving the near man in the 
path of the ball.  Return the ball by tapping it back to the 2nd-man and 
begin again.  That's all.  The other exercise is similar except, after 
d-u-d-u-d-u, tap the ball lightly into the wall with the right edge of 
the 
near man.  As it slowly bounces off, execute another series of fakes: 
d-u-d-u-d-u.  Then stop the ball with your second man, and begin again.  
In 
a real game situation, a common technique is to bounce the ball off of 
the 
wall then immediately do a very steep brush-up into the lane as the 
opponent 
hopefully slams his rod to block the wall pass.  Also, these two 
exercises 
are useful in a real game so as to allow you to bring the ball into 
position 
repeatedly, waiting to find the perfect "open" pass.
         PRACTICING TWO MORE OPTIONS:  1)  Practice the steep brush-up 
immediately after a bounce off of the near wall.  2) Practice the 2nd-man 
brush-down through the lane to the wall.  One way to do this is a 
variation 
on the exercise of the previous paragraph: after you use your near man to 
bounce the ball back to the 2nd man, the 2nd man can then brush-down.  
The 
ball should travel steeply through the lane (bring the opposing 5-rod to 
your near wall for practice) and end up on your 3-bar near-man on the 
wall.  
The other option from the 2nd man is a brush-up to your _middle_ 3-bar 
man.

   One final note:  there are many passing options with brush and stick 
passes.  Learning the near-wall brush-pass series is an essential first 
step, and even it alone can be extremely effective.  Among other options 
are 
learning the same series on the far-wall, learning tic-tac stick passes, 
and 
learning a blindingly quick kickpass to the wall.  Hopefully, the 
stick-pass 
series will be described in a later version of this file.  All right, 
that 
is it for brush-passing!  Practicing will give you a knowledge of spin 
that 
will be useful later on in other types of passes and shots, especially 
for 
tournament play on the hard surfaces of Tornado tables.
 
Part III:  2 to 3 passing.
 
        Most importantly, you should master the essential skill of the 
5-bar 
to 3-bar brush pass described in Part II before practicing too much in 
this 
section.  This section is going to be pretty brief and sparse in 
strategy. 
In a doubles game:  Of course the five bar needs to be raised, preferably 
horizontally, since upside-down brings the men's heads in striking range 
for 
the commonly slightly airborne passes and shots. The three bar should 
always 
be placed along one wall; pick one, the far or near, and just LEAVE IT 
THERE 
and practice passing to the three men in this position only for a while.  
Be 
sure to angle the men forward to catch passes from the two-bar.  If the 
passes are slower (i.e. less than fast shot speed), keep the angle fairly 
high off of the playing field.  However, for fast passes (i.e. FAST shot 
speed), the impact can be so great so that the ball "muscles" its way 
underneath and past the three-bar.  Hence, for fast passes, hold the 
front-angle LOWER, even close to 45 degrees!  However this is not the 
key; 
the key is TO HOLD THE HANDLE LOOSELY.  If you are holding on too 
tightly, 
the pass will simply ricochet off of your man.  However, if the rod is 
held 
loosely, and at a low forward angle, the ball will "muscle" the man's 
angle 
up, coming to rest in a front pin.  So 1) Hold it correctly for the 
expected 
speed of pass, i.e. if the pass is slower, hold the man up higher and 2) 
Keep it on one wall, and don't move it, so the defense knows where to 
expect 
the men to be.
   The two-bar's easiest pass, of course, is the wall pass.  Make sure to 
start the ball maybe a ball's length off of the wall, since otherwise you 
will bank the ball off of the wall and into the 3-man's lane; remember 
that 
bumper on the rod won't let your man get directly behind a ball that is 
actually on the wall.  You can pass to the 3-bar men which are not on the 
wall also!  You can either practice hitting these specific men, or just 
ignore the men and shoot your shot-- there is a mild chance that a missed 
shot will be a great pass!  You might as well do something with your 
missed 
shots!  Eventually the opponent will begin to block your wall passes, so 
you 
should also practice angle-passes which go through the five-bar lane(when 
the opposing five bar is against the wall, guarding the wall pass), and 
angle right to your three man sitting on the wall.
        Two variations:  1)  when the ball on the 2-bar is set up for a 
push 
or pull, the 3-bar should be placed _off_ of the wall so that the 1st man 
is 
directly in front of the ball.  Hence, if the push or pull is covered, 
the 
straight pass through the lane is open.  The 3-bar may be "down" or it 
may 
be held up "floating" ready to come down in case of a pass.  2)  Or, when 
set up for a push or a pull, leave the three bar on the wall.  Do a fake 
(push/pull), and as the opponent flinches off of the wall, reverse your 
motion and brush a wall pass.
        For a singles game:  All of the above applies, and you can 
alternative pass from the 2-bar to the 5-bar.  Developing a good left 
hand 
on the two bar is fairly important.  Also, if you can actually shoot 
kicks 
or push/pulls with your left hand, your opponent doesn't know whether to 
guard the shot or pass!  One passing trick is to back pin the ball with 
the 
far 2-man, and pull the rod fast.  The opponent will flinch in your pull 
direction, but the ball will squeeze out and spin in the push direction, 
in 
a pseudo-wall pass along the far wall.  Lifting all the rods, and 
practicing 
angle passes back and forth between your 2 and 3 bar is worthwhile.  
Also, 
practicing a 2-5 bar pass can be even more worthwhile.
       2-BAR TO 5-BAR PASSING:  This is often a more reliable way to get 
the 
ball to your 3-bar, in other words by executing a _reliable_ 2-5 bar pass 
then another _reliable_ 5-3 bar pass, instead of a risk 2-3 bar pass 
which 
skips the 5-bar.
       Set the 5-bar on the near (or far) wall, and catch passes the same 
way you would with the 3-bar, with the following exception:  The lane 
pass 
should be caught with the 2nd man on the 5-bar.  Note that the wall-pass 
is
_much_ riskier, so that you will in general always be watching for the 
lane 
pass to the 2nd man.  Finally, while bringing the ball into position from 
the center of the field, you should briefly watch for the open stick pass 
to 
the 3rd man.  
 
Happy Passing!
 


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