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Archive-name: comp-speech-faq/part3
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COMP.SPEECH FAQ POSTING - PART 3/3
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Speech Synthesis
comp.speech FAQ Section 5
* SpeechLinks: Speech Synthesis
* Q5.1: What is speech synthesis?
* Q5.2: How can speech synthesis be performed?
* Q5.3: References/Books on Synthesis
* Q5.4: Speech Synthesis on the WWW
* Q5.5: Speech Synthesis Software/Hardware
___________________________________________________________________________
Q5.1: What is speech synthesis?
Speech synthesis programs convert written input to spoken output by
automatically generating synthetic speech. Speech synthesis is often
referred to a "Text-to-Speech" conversion (TTS).
___________________________________________________________________________
Q5.2: Performing speech synthesis
There are several algorithms. The choice depends on the task they're
used for. The easiest way is to just record the voice of a person
speaking the desired phrases. This is useful if only a restricted
volume of phrases and sentences is used, e.g. messages in a train
station, or schedule information via phone. The quality depends on the
way recording is done.
More sophisticated but worse in quality are algorithms which split the
speech into smaller pieces. The smaller those units are, the less are
they in number, but the quality also decreases. An often used unit is
the phoneme, the smallest linguistic unit. Depending on the language
used there are about 35-50 phonemes in western European languages,
i.e. there are 35-50 single recordings. The problem is combining them
as fluent speech requires fluent transitions between the elements. The
intellegibility is therefore lower, but the memory required is small.
A solution to this dilemma is using diphones. Instead of splitting at
the transitions, the cut is done at the center of the phonemes,
leaving the transitions themselves intact. This gives about 400
elements (20*20) and the quality increases.
The longer the units become, the more elements are there, but the
quality increases along with the memory required. Other units which
are widely used are half-syllables, syllables, words, or combinations
of them, e.g. word stems and inflectional endings.
The Museum of Speech Analysis and Synthesis has pictures of artificial
speech systems going back over 150 years: worth a visit. (
http://mambo.ucsc.edu/psl/smus/smus.html)
___________________________________________________________________________
Q5.3: References/Books on Synthesis
Books and Papers
* Thierry Dutoit, An Introduction to Text-to-Speech Synthesis,
Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht), 1997, ISBN 0-7923-4498-7,
312 pages. Volume 3 in the series on Text, Speech and Language
Technology.
* Douglas O'Shaughnessy, Speech Communication: Human and Machine
Addison Wesley series in Electrical Engineering: Digital Signal
Processing, 1987.
* T.V. Raman, Auditory User Interfaces --Toward The Speaking
Computer Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, ISBN 0-7923-9984-6,
August 1997, 168 pp.
* D. H. Klatt, "Review of Text-To-Speech Conversion for English",
Jnl. of the Acoustic Society of America (JASA), Vol 82, pp
737-793.
* "Talking Machines, Theories, Models and Designs" Eds, G. Bailly &
C. Benoit (Elsevier: North Holland)
* I. H. Witten. Principles of Computer Speech, London: Academic
Press, Inc., 1982.
* W.B. Kleijn and K.K. Paliwal (Eds.), Speech Coding and Synthesis,
Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995.
Contents, preface etc on the WWW:
http://www.elsevier.nl/section/engtech/scs/menu.htm
* John Allen, Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H. Klatt, "From Text to
Speech: The MITalk System", Cambridge University Press, 1987.
* J.P.H. van Santen, R. W. Sproat, J. P. Olive, and J. Hirschberg,
"Progress in Speech Synthesis", Springer, 1996.
On the WWW
* Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology
Report edited by Ronald A. Cole et. al. with a section on
Text-to-Speech Technologies.
http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CSLU/HLTsurvey/ch5node1.html
Bibliographies and Reference Lists
* WWW searchable online-bibiliography for Phonetics and Speech
Technology with more than 8000 entries. Provided by Institut fur
Phonetik at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt.
http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/~ifb/bib_engl.html
* Computational Speech Processing: Speech Analysis, Recognition,
Understanding, Compression, Transmission, Coding, Synthesis ; Text
to Speech Systems, Speech to Tactile Displays, Speaker
Identification, Prosody Processing : BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Conrad F.
Sabourin, 1994, 2 volumes, 1187p, ISBN 2-921173-21-2, INFOLINGUA
inc., P.O. Box 187 Snowdon, Montreal, H3X 3T4, Canada.
See also: http://gomer.mlink.net/infolingua.html
___________________________________________________________________________
Q5.4: Speech Synthesis on the WWW
Most of the following are links to WWW pages with demonstrations of
speech synthesis. Plenty more links are included in the detailed list
of speech synthesis software/hardware in Q5.5.
Speech Synthesis "Museum"
URL: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~jpi/synth/museum.html
Maintained by Jon Iles (j.p.iles@cs.bham.ac.uk) at the
University of Birmingham.
Information and speech samples for
+ YorkTalk
+ Loughborough Sound Images
+ University of Birmingham - FDFS
+ Eurovocs
+ DECtalk
+ AT&T Bell Labs Synthesiser
+ S.W.A.Ll.C. - Welsh Synthesis from CSTR
+ All-Prosodic Speech Synthesis - IPOX
+ Orator from Bellcore
The Festival Speech Synthesis System
http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival.html
Pre-synthesized examples in English, Welsh and Spanish, and
online demo of English.
Pavarobotti
http://www.shc.uiowa.edu/fun/pavarobotti/pavarobotti.html
WWW demo of the Pavarobotti synthesis technology developed at
the National Center for Voice and Speech
(http://www.shc.uiowa.edu/ncvs_home.html).
Say...
http://wwwtios.cs.utwente.nl/say
WWW demo of the rsynth speech synthesis software. The WWW
capability was implemented by Axel Belinfante.
Musee sonore de la synthese de la Parole en francais
http://www.icp.grenet.fr/exemples_synthese/ex.html
Speech synthesis examples from a series of French language
speech synthesisers plus links to other speech synthesis demo
pages.
+ ICP-Grenoble
+ CNET-Lannion (with TD-PSOLA)
+ KTH-Stockholm
+ Universite-Mons - several versions
Lucent Technologies Bell Labs Text-to-Speech
http://www.bell-labs.com/project/tts/
Demos and samples of the latest Lucent Technologies Bell Labs
Text-to-Speech system.
WATSON FlexTalk from AT&T Advanced Speech Products Group
http://www.att.com/aspg/demo.html
WWW interface to the WATSON FlexTalk speech synthesis
demonstration.
AT&T Bell Laboratories Voices
http://www.research.att.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/mjm/voices.cgi
WWW interface to the AT&T Bell Laboratories text to speech
(TTS) synthesizer
Laureate from British Telecom
http://www.labs.bt.com/innovate/speech/laureate/
Demo of the Laureate speech synthesis system - not yet
commercially available.
ORATOR from Bellcore
Online demo of the ORATOR system developed at Bellcore.
http://www.bellcore.com/ORATOR/
SVOX from TIK, ETH in Zurich
http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/cgi-bin/w3svox
Demo of German speech synthesis from Institut fur Technische
Informatik und Kommunikationsnetze.
Speech Synthesis Research at OGI
http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CSLU/research/TTS
Examples of diphone speech corpora and algorithms developed at
OGI for synthesis of American English and Mexican Spanish using
the Festival framework.
Lyricos
http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CSLU/research/TTS/research/sing.html
Demos of the Lyricos singing voice synthesis system.
Concatenation-based synthesis of singing voice from MIDI input.
Multi-Lingual TTS from Gerhard-Mercator University, Duisburg
http://www.fb9-ti.uni-duisburg.de/demos/speech.html
Synthesis in German, English or Japanese.
TMH: Institutionen for Taloverforing och Musikakustik, Kungliga
Tekniska Hogskolan
http://www.speech.kth.se/info/software.html
Synthesis in Swedish, Finish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish,
British and American English, French, German, Italian, Spanish,
LA Spanish and Greek.
Haskins Laboratory WWW Site
http://www.haskins.yale.edu/Haskins/MISC/special.html
Examples of several types of speech synthesis. Articulatory
Synthesis by HyperASY. SineWave Synthesis. Gestural
Computational Model. Pattern Playback system of the 1940's!
BeSTspeech from Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc., (BST)
http://www.bestspeech.com/weblang.html
Eurovocs Multilingual Speech Synthesis
http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/ELISgroups/speech/research/eurovocs.h
tml
Based on Lernout and Hauspie technology.
HADIFIX German Speech Synthesis
http://asl1.ikp.uni-bonn.de/~tpo/Hadiq.en.html
Provided by the Instituts fur Kommunikationsforschung und
Phonetik, Universitat Bonn.
Centigram's TruVoice Demo
http://www.centigram.com/centigram/TruVoice/index.html
Allows control of speech rate, pitch and other prosodic
charateristics.
MBROLA: Free Speech Synthesis Project
http://tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/modelcmp.html
WWW demo of MBROLA which compares the quality of PSOLA,
MBR-PSOLA, LPC, and Hybrid Harmonic/Stochastic concatenative
synthesizers. Provided by the TCTS Lab, Faculti Polytechnique
de Mons, Belgium
Institute of Phonetic Sciences
http://fonsg3.let.uva.nl/IFA-Features.html
Links to lots of on-line speech synthesis demonstrations
provided by the Institute of Phonetic Sciences of the Faculty
of Arts of the University of Amsterdam.
Yahoo page on speech generation
http://www.yahoo.com/Science/Computer_Science/Artificial_Intell
igence/Natural_Language_Processing/Speech_Generation/
___________________________________________________________________________
Q5.5: Speech Synthesis Software/Hardware
Please email any updates, corrections or additions to the following
list. The range of commercially available synthesis software is
growing rapidly so any help in keeping up to date will be appreciated.
Other lists of speech synthesis software on the WWW include:
Kevin Lenzo's list of Macintosh Speech Resources and Apps
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/mac_speech_apps.html
Speech Toys Speech Synthesis Information
http://www.speechtoys.com/spchtoys/spsyn.html
In the FAQ...
The following speech recognition software/hardware is described in the
comp.speech FAQ.
_Apple Macintosh_
* BeSTspeech from Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc., (BST)
* Infovox Product Range
* Macintosh Speech Output Applications
* Macintosh Speech Synthesis Manager
* MacYack Pro
* MBROLA: Free Speech Synthesis Project
* ProVoice Developer's Speech Toolkit from First Byte
* SENSYN speech synthesizer
* Sound Bytes DeveloperUs Kit
* Macintosh Speech Synthesis Manager
_Windows (including 95, NT, 3.1)_
* AcuVoice
* AT&T Watson Speech Synthesis
* BeSTspeech from Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc., (BST)
* Creative TextAssist and TextAssist API
* DECtalk: Text-to-Speech from Digital
* ETI-Eloquence
* HADIFIX
* Infovox Product Range
* IPOX: All Prosodic Speech Synthesis Architecture
* Lernout and Hauspie Text-To-Speech Windows SDK
* Listen2 Text Reader
* MBROLA: Free Speech Synthesis Project
* Monologue for Windows from First Byte
* PAM - A Text-To-Speech Application
* ProVerbe Speech Engine from ELAN Informatique
* ProVoice Developer's Speech Toolkit from First Byte
* SENSYN speech synthesizer
* Sound Bytes DeveloperUs Kit
* Tinytalk
* TruVoice from Centigram
* WinSpeech
* ZMD Speech Synthesis
_DOS_
* CSRE: Computerized Speech Research Environment
* Infovox Product Range
* MBROLA: Free Speech Synthesis Project
* ProVoice Developer's Speech Toolkit from First Byte
* SENSYN speech synthesizer
* spchsyn.exe
* Tinytalk
* ZMD Speech Synthesis
_OS/2_
* ProVerbe Speech Engine from ELAN Informatique
* ProVoice Developer's Speech Toolkit from First Byte
* Sound Bytes DeveloperUs Kit
_Unix_
* AcuVoice
* AsTeR
* BeSTspeech from Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc., (BST)
* DECtalk: Text-to-Speech from Digital
* ETI-Eloquence
* Emacspeak - A Speech Output Subsystem For Emacs
* Festival Speech Synthesis System
* JSRU
* Klatt-style synthesiser
* KPE80 - A Klatt Synthesiser and Parameter Editor
* "learph": Trainable text-to-phoneme software by Antonio Lucca
* Lucent Technologies Bell Labs Text-to-Speech system
* MBROLA: Free Speech Synthesis Project
* Orator from Bellcore
* ProVerbe Speech Engine from ELAN Informatique
* rsynth
* SENSYN speech synthesizer
* SGI Developers Toolbox Synthesiser
* Speak
* TrueTalk
* TruVoice from Centigram
_Integrated Circuits and Dedicated Hardware_
* Eurovocs
* Infovox Product Range
* ProVerbe Speech Engine from ELAN Informatique
* RC Systems V8600/V8601 Text to Speech synthesizers
_Other Platforms_
* BeSTspeech from Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc., (BST)
* TheBigMouth (NeXT)
* MBROLA: Free Speech Synthesis Project
* Narrator Translator Library (Amiga)
* Narrator (Amiga)
* TextToSpeech Kit (NeXT)
* Orator from Bellcore
* SENSYN speech synthesizer
* WreadFiles: File reader for Commodore Amiga
_Unknown_
* Lernout and Hauspie Text-To-Speech (3 products)
* SIMTEL
* Text to Phoneme Program 1
* Text to phoneme program 2
* Text to phoneme program 3
AcuVoice
* Platform: Windows, Solaris
* Description: AcuVoice is a natural sounding text-to-speech system
built using a concatenative approach. Currently it is available
for an American English Male Voice. Software Developer Kits are
available for the Windows Platform (32-Bit) and also for the
Solaris Platform. More information and samples are available on
the Acuvoice web site.
* Contact: AcuVoice, Inc.
84 W. Santa Clara Street, Suite 720, San Jose, CA 95113-1810
Ph: 1(408)289-1661, Fax: 1(408)289-1201
Demo: 1(408)289-1177
Email: AcuVoice1@AOL.COM
WWW: http://www.acuvoice.com/
AsTeR
* Platform: UNIX
* Description: TTS front-end program which encodes structural
information about documents in speech synthesis. For more
information check out:
http://www.research.digital.com/CRL/personal/raman/aster/
aster-toplevel.html
* Operation requirements: Lisp: Lucid, clisp
* Contact: T. V. Raman
WWW: http://www.research.digital.com/CRL/personal/raman/raman.html
Email: raman@adobe.com
AT&T Watson Speech Synthesis
* Platform: Windows 95/NT on a Pentium 75 Mhz or higher
* Description: Watson is a software implementation of AT&T Bell
Laboratories voice processing technology. Watson includes BLASR
Speech Recognition (see Q6.6) and FlexTalk speech synthesis. It
requires no special hardware to run other than a standard sound
card and/or phone card. Technical details for the FlexTalk speech
synthesis include:
+ Compliant with MS Speech API.
+ Male and Female Voices available
+ 8 KHz and 11 KHz output
+ SoundBlaster compatible sound card and drivers required
+ Context sensitive abbreviation expansion
+ Accurate pronunciation of most proper names
+ Adjustable vocal tract size, speed, volume, pitch, etc.
+ American English only - other languages in development
The AT&T Advanced Speech Products Group home page provides more
detailed information including a Frequently Asked Questions list,
information for application developers on the Independent Software
Vendor (ISV) Program (including info on the SDK, licensing, and
the training program).
* Requirements: Uses 2 MB RAM, 10 MB Disk. Requires a Pentium 75 MHz
or higher (uses
* Cost and Availability: WATSON is a software-based speech platform
with a Software Developers Kit (SDK) that allows application
developers to use voice processing in their applications. It is
not available as a stand-alone product.
Licensing information (inc. price) is provided in the AT&T
Advanced Speech Products Group home page
* See also: Watson BLASR speech recognition in Q6.5, Microsoft
Speech API, and Advanced Speech API.
* Contact: AT&T Advanced Speech Products Group
Suite 700, 44 East Mifflin Street, Madison, WI 53703, USA
Ph: 1-800-5-WATSON, Fax: 1-608-259-2269
Email: aspg@attmail.com
WWW: http://www.att.com/aspg/
BeSTspeech from Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc., (BST)
* Platform: available for Macintosh, Sun, Silicon Graphics, Windows
PC and IBM RS/6000 platforms, and can be ported to others.
* Description: BeSTspeech reads ASCII text no vocabulary limits.
Available for Dutch, English (male and female), French, German,
Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Arabic, Cantonese, Japanese, Korean,
Malay, Mandarin and Russian.
* Availability: Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc does not sell end
user toolkits or products.
* Contact: Berkeley Speech Technologies, Inc.
2246 Sixth Street, Berkeley, California 94710, USA
Ph: (510) 841-5083, Fax: (510) 841-5093
Email: webmaster@bst.com
WWW: http://www.bestspeech.com/index.html
TheBigMouth - a Text to Speech Program
* Platform: NeXT
* Description: Text to speech program based on concatenation of
pre-recorded speech segments.
* Availability:
ftp://ftp.cs.keio.ac.jp/pub/NeXT/source/
Creative TextAssist
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Based on DECtalk speech synthesis. A detailed
description of TextAssist is provided on the Creative WWW pages.
TextAssist TextReader provides a convenient Windows user interface
for text reading.
* Availability: Creative TextAssist is bundled with most (all?)
Creative Sound Blaster audio cards. TextAssist preview software is
available from the Creative Labs TextAssist home page.
* Contact: Creative Labs, Inc.
Address, phone, email etc unknown
WWW: http://www.creaf.com/ :
http://www.creaf.com/wwwnew/tech/devcnr/tassist.html
Creative TextAssist API
* Platform: Windows
* Description: The TextAssist API (TAAPI) is created for Microsoft
Windows 3.1x and Windows 95 developers who intend to develop
16-bit Text-to-Speech software applications using Creative's
TextAssist speech engine. It supports direct control of speech
output characteristics, concurrent playback of text-to-speech and
wave files, foreign language support, speech synchronization,
exception dictionaries. It also includes a voice editing tool for
creating new custom voices, a Visual Basic Custom Control for
high-level support in Visual Basic and other languages
* Availability: The TextAssist API is released to registered
developers at no cost.
* Contact: WWW: http://www.creaf.com/
FAQ: http://www.creaf.com/wwwnew/tech/devcnr/tassfaq.html
CSRE: Computerized Speech Research Environment
* Platform: DOS
* Description: CSRE is a software system which includes in an
implementation of the Klatt speech synthesizer. See the CSRE entry
in Q1.9 and the AVAAZ WWW pages for more detail.
* Contact: AVAAZ Innovations Inc.
P.O.Box 8040, 1225 Wonderland Rd. N, London, Ontario, CANADA, N6G
2B0
Ph: +1-519-472-7944 , Fax: +1-519-472-7814
Email: info@avaaz.com
WWW: http://www.icis.on.ca/homepages/avaaz/
DECtalk Speech Synthesis
* Platform: Windows NT, Alpha with Digital UNIX and RS232 ports
* Description: Converts ordinary text into natural-sounding,
intelligible speech. Provides personalized voices, and extensive
user controls. DECtalk technology is available for the following
packaging options.
+ DECtalk PC card option: An industry-standard ISA/EISA bus
card implementation that can be integrated with any Intel 486
processor-based system running DOS or Windows. Applications
can be interfaced to the bus via a DOS Terminate and Stay
Resident (TSR) driver or a Windows Dynamic Link Library
(DLL). This option is available with an external speaker with
volume control and headphone jack.
+ DECtalk Express external package: An external, portable
package that you can plug in to any PC or serial port. The
external package includes a built-in speaker and headphone
jack, plus combined on/off and volume controls and a
rechargeable battery pack.
+ DECtalk Software solution: Software-only text to speech for
Alpha or Intel systems running Windows NT or Alpha systems
running Digital UNIX. Provides complete speech synthesis
capabilities so developers can enhance applications with
DECtalk technology. DECtalk Software output can be directed
to audio devices, into WAVE files, or into memory buffers.
* Pricing:
://www.systems.digital.com/DIcatalog/html/DECtalk-Speech-Synthesis
-oi.html
* More Information:
Digital Equipment Corporation WWW pages: http://www.digital.com/
DECtalk page:
http://www.systems.digital.com/DIcatalog/html/DECtalk-Software.htm
l
Ph: 1-800-DIGITAL
DECtalk Software
* Platform: Digital UNIX and Windows NT
* Description: DECtalk converts standard ASCII text into natural,
intelligible speech. Speech output through any audio device is
supported by Microsoft Video for Windows or Multimedia Services
for Digital UNIX. An API gives developers direct access to
text-to-speech functions. Provides nine voice personalities (4
female, 4 male, 1 child). Provides punctuation and tonal control,
supports customized pronunciation of trade jargon and acronyms.
Common programming interface works with both Alpha and Intel
platforms.
* More Information:
Digital Equipment Corporation WWW pages: http://www.digital.com/
DECtalk Software page:
http://www.systems.digital.com/DIcatalog/html/DECtalk-Software.htm
l
WWW:
http://www.systems.digital.com/DIcatalog/html/DECtalk-Speech-Synth
esis.html
Ph: 1-800-DIGITAL
ETI-Eloquence
* Platform: MS Windows (Win95,NT,3.1), Solaris, SunOS, SGI, RS/6000
* Description: ETI-Eloquence is a software based text-to-speech
system. It generates waveforms completely algorithmically instead
of by concatenating waveforms, for maximum flexibility and
naturalism. For instance, when the user requests a deeper voice,
the software simulates a larger vocal tract, instead of simply
pitch-shifting samples. It uses high-level linguistic parsing,
which obviates the need for a huge dictionary. It handles numbers,
acronyms, currency, etc. It includes a set of annotation symbols,
for placing stress on particular words, expressing
excitement/boredom, etc. Also allows phonetic input. Supports MS
SAPI.
Produces male and female voices for General American English.
Dialects under development include Alabama and Brooklyn.
* Price: Flexible license agreements on application.
* Availability:Eloquent Technology, Inc.
2389 North Triphammer Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 , USA
Ph: (607) 266-7025, Fax: (607) 266-7030
Email: info@eloq.com
WWW: http://www.eloq.com/
Emacspeak - A Speech Output Subsystem For Emacs
* Platform: UNIX, Emacs
* Description: Emacspeak is a speech output system that will allow
someone who cannot see to work directly on a UNIX system.
Emacspeak is built on top of Emacs. With emacspeak loaded, Emacs
provides spoken feedback for everything you do. Emacspeak
currently supports the new Dectalk Express speech synthesizer, as
well as older versions of the Dectalk e.g. the MultiVoice. See the
Emacspeak WWW page, the Emacspeak FAQ or the Emacspeak
distribution for additional details.
* Requirements: Requires GNU FSF Emacs 19 (version 19.23 or later)
and TCLX 7.3B (Extended TCL) to run Emacspeak.
* Availability:
Emacspeak WWW page
http://www.research.digital.com/CRL/personal/raman/emacsp
eak/emacspeak.html
Emacspeak source
http://www.research.digital.com/CRL/personal/raman/emacsp
eak/emacspeak.tar.gz
* Contact: T. V. Raman, raman@adobe.com
Eurovocs
* Platform: Various - RS232 hardware connection
* Description: Eurovocs is a stand-alone text-to-speech synthesizer
which uses the text-to-speech technology of Lernout and Hauspie
Speech Products. Available for Dutch, French, German and American
English with other languages planned for release soon. One
Eurovocs device can support two different languages. Eurovocs can
be connected to any computer via a standard serial interface
(RS232). It supports personal dictionaries, generation of DTMF
tones, and pronunciation of special character sequences such as
digit strings, telephone-numbers, date and time indications,
abbreviations, alphanumeric strings etc.
* Contact: Technologie & Revalidatie
Postbus 128, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Ph: +32-9-264 33 97, Fax: +32-9-264 35 94
E-mail: noe@elis.rug.ac.be
WWW:
http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/ELISgroups/speech/research/eurovocs.html
Festival Speech Synthesis System
* Platform: General Unix (including Solaris (2.4,2.5), SunOS, HPUX,
SGIs, Linux, Dec Alpha, FreeBSD)
* Description: Festival is a general multi-lingual speech synthesis
system developed at CSTR, University of Edinburgh. It offers a
full text to speech system with various APIs, as well an
environment for development and research of speech synthesis
techniques. It is written in C++ with a Scheme-based command
interpreter for general control. Festival's home page offers
demos, the full manual and access to the download page. The
distribution includes full source and documentation, and lexicons
and speech databases for British English text to speech.
* Price: Free for non-commercial use
* Availability: by anonymous ftp:
WWW: http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/download.html
ftp: ftp://ftp.cstr.ed.ac.uk/pub/festival/
HADIFIX
* Platform: Windows
* Description: German speech synthesis system developed at the
Institute for Communications Research and Phonetics , University
of Bonn. Provides conversion of input text to phonemes, automatic
prediction of stress, phrasing and pitch, and speech generation by
concatenation of small units of natural speech. Demisyllables and
similar units are used; they comprise all consonants before the
vowel and the beginning of the vowel (initial demisyllable) or the
end of the vowel and the following consonants (final
demisyllable). For example, the word 'Strolch' is formed by
concatenating 'Stro' and 'olch'.
* Demo: Windows demo software available. Limited to synthesis of one
short text (text.txt) at a time. Speech format limitations too.
1.3MB file.
ftp://asl1.ikp.uni-bonn.de/pub/hadifix/
A 1993 version is available with unlimited synthesis from a string
of phonemic symbols and accent markers. 6MB file.
ftp://asl1.ikp.uni-bonn.de/pub/hadifix/
* WWW: http://asl1.ikp.uni-bonn.de/~tpo/Hadifix.en.html
* On-line demo: http://asl1.ikp.uni-bonn.de/~tpo/Hadiq.en.html
Infovox Product Range
* Description: Multilingual Text-to-speech systems, languages
available: American English, British English, German, French,
Spanish, Italian, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and
Finnish.
* Product name:INFOVOX 500, PC BOARD
+ Product description: Half length expansion board for IBM PC,
XT, AT, PS/2 model 30 or compatible personal computers. The
board can also be connected via the serial port. Language and
control program for downloading into RAM or mounted on EPROMs
+ Platform: DOS/Windows with IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 model 30 or
compatible
+ Delivered standard interface: MS DOS I/O driver
* Product name: INFOVOX 600, OEM BOARD
+ Product description: OEM board built with CMOS IC's. Language
and control program are stored in on-board fixed memory.
+ Platform: any, hardware interface: 9-pole D-SUB (RS 232-C)
300-9600 Baud.
+ Delivered standard interfaces: MS DOS I/O driver and
interface to Apple Speech manager.
* Product name: INFOVOX 700, DESKTOP UNIT
+ Product description: Desktop unit with built in Infovox 600
to be connected to any computer or terminal via an RS 232-C
serial interface. Built in loudspeaker and rechargable
battery for 4 hours use, and control knobs for continuous
control of speech volume and speed.
+ Platform: various through hardware interface
+ Delivered standard interfaces: MS DOS I/O driver and
interface to Apple Speech manager
* Product name: INFOVOX 650, OEM BOARD
+ Product description: OEM-board built with CMOS IC's. Language
and control program are stored in on-board memory.
+ Platform: any, hardware interface: 9 pole D-SUB (RS 232-C)
300-9600 Baud
+ Delivered standard interfaces: MS DOS I/O driver and
interface to Apple Speech manager
* Product name: INFOVOX 750, DESKTOP UNIT
+ Product description: Desktop unit with built in Infovox 650
to be connected to any computer or terminal via an RS 232-C
serial interface. Built in loudspeaker and rechargable
battery for 5 hours use, and a control knob for continuous
control of speech volume.
+ Platform: various through hardware interface. Delivered
standard interfaces include MS DOS I/O driver and interface
to Apple Speech manager
* Product name: Infovox 210, software for Apple Macintosh
+ Product description: Software based text-to-speech
conversion. Produces 16 bit and 8 bit sound. Delivered on
3.5" diskettes with user lexicon and a complete
documentation.
+ Platform: Apple Macintosh with minimum 68030, 33 MHz
microprocessor.
+ Delivered standard interfaces: Standard interface to Apple
Speech manager
* Product name: Infovox 220, software for Microsoft Windows.
+ Product description: Software based text-to-speech
conversion. Produces 16 bit sound and conforms to Microsoft
Windows multimedia standard MCI. Delivered on 3.5" diskettes
with user lexicon and a complete documentation.
+ Platform: Windows on IBM compatible PC with minimum 486/25MHz
microprocessor.
+ Delivered standard interfaces: Standard interface to
Microsoft Windows 3.1 and sound boards supporting Microsoft
Windows multimedia driver for audio.
* Contact: Telia Promotor Infovox AB
TTS Sales Division
P.O. Box 2069, S-171 02 Solna, Sweden
Ph: +46 8 764 35 00, Fax: +46 8 735 78 76
Email: tts-sales@infovox.se
WWW: http://www.promotor.telia.se/NYA/cc/t-s/index.html
IPOX: All Prosodic Speech Synthesis Architecture
* Platform: Windows
* Description: IPOX is an experimental, all-prosodic speech
synthesizer, developed by Arthur Dirksen and John Coleman. IPOX is
freely available (after registration) for evaluation and
non-profit research purposes.
* Requirements: PC (preferably a fast 486) running Windows 3.1 or
higher. Sound output requires a 16-bit Windows-compatible sound
card
* Availability: By WWW from
http://www.tue.nl/ipo/people/adirksen/ipox/ipox.htm
JSRU
* Platform: UNIX and PC
* Cost: 100 pounds sterling (from academic institutions and
industry)
* Description: A C version of the JSRU system, Version 2.3 is
available. It's written in Turbo C but runs on most Unix systems
with very little modification. A Form of Agreement must be signed
to say that the software is required for research and development
only.
* Contact: Dr. E.Lewis _eric.lewis@bristol.ac.uk)_
Klatt-style synthesiser
* Platform: Unix
* Cost: Free
* Description: Software posted to comp.speech in late 1992.
* Availability: By ftp from the comp.speech ftp site
+
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/synthesis/klatt.3.
04.tar.gz
+
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/synthesis/klatt.3.
04.tar.Z
* See also: KPE80 - A Klatt Synthesiser and Parameter Editor.
KPE80 - A Klatt Synthesiser and Parameter Editor
* Platform: Unix
* Description: The KPE80 program provides a graphical interface for
the implementation of the Klatt 1980 formant synthesiser written
by Jon Iles and Nick Ing-Simmons. It was inspired by IGE, a piece
of code written by Rob Fletcher (
http://www.york.ac.uk/~rpf1/IGE.html).
* Technical Desc.: It is comprised of an X-Window interface and
version 3.03 of the synthesiser code. The interface allows users
to display and edit Klatt parameters using a graphical display
which includes the time-amplitude waveform of both the original
speech and its synthetic copy, and some signal analysis
facilities. Most of the work in choosing the parameter values to
produce the synthetic copy has to be done by the user. KPE will
estimate the fundamental frequency contour from an original token;
this estimate will need to be amended where errors occur. It is
possible to specify the formant trajectories with some precision
by overlaying the appropriate formant frequency parameter tracks
on the spectrogram of the target waveform. A number of facilities
exist to help in the refinement of parameter values: original and
synthetic waveforms can be compared aurally, spectrally, and
spectrographically using built-in speech analysis facilities.
* File formats: KPE will read RIFF (.wav) files and SFS files. (SFS
is a suite of speech-signal processing programs available free
from Phonetics and Linguistics, UCL.)
* Availability:
KPE for SunOs 4.1.3 (statically compiled libraries)
ftp://pitch.phon.ucl.ac.uk/pub/kpe/kpe80.sun413.tar.Z
KPE for Linux (statically compiled libraries)
ftp://pitch.phon.ucl.ac.uk/pub/kpe/kpe80.linux.tar.Z
The source code (needs gcc and SUIT to compile)
ftp://pitch.phon.ucl.ac.uk/pub/kpe/kpe80.src.tar.Z
A postscript overview of KPE
ftp://pitch.phon.ucl.ac.uk/pub/kpe/OVERVIEW.ps
The SFS distribution
ftp://pitch.phon.ucl.ac.uk/pub/sfs/
* See also: Public domain Klatt-style speech synthesis code.
* Contact: Andrew Simpson
Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London
Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE
Email: a.simpson@ucl.ac.uk
WWW: http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/andrew/home.html
"learph": Trainable text-to-phoneme software by Antonio Lucca
* Platform: UNIX
* Description: Experimental software which learns text to phoneme
translation from examples using decision-tree-like data
structures. It is based on the assumption that each letter can
correspond to different phoneme strings depending on the context.
* Availability: Examples and source are available on the WWW:
http://www.silab.dsi.unimi.it/~al367212/ttsdoc.html
* Contact: Antonio Lucca: toninlcc@tesi.dsi.unimi.it
Lernout & Hauspie Text-to-Speech (3 products)
Lernout & Hauspie have three TTS products. The functionality of the
products is similar, however, they differ in hardware implementation
and other details where described below.
* L&H tts2000/T: TTS for the Telephony and Telecommunications Market
* L&H tts2000/M: TTS for the Computer and Multimedia Market
* L&H tts3000/C: TTS for the Buisness and Consumer Electronics
Market
* Description: Text to Speech (TTS) software based on parameterized
segment concatenation (diphones, triphones and tetraphones)
algorithms. Available for US English, German, Dutch, French,
Spanish (Castilian), Italian and Korean. General features include:
+ The control of volume, speech rate and speech pitch.
+ The use of control sequences to customize TTS output (adding
pauses, using phonetic input, etc.).
+ Switching between languages at run time.
+ A personal vocabulary editor is available for building
exception dictionaries.
+ Readout modes: letter by letter, word by word or sentence by
sentence.
+ Input formats: orthographic input, phonetic input, phonetic
input with prosodic information.
* tts2000/T
+ Output formats: 8 bit mu-law PCM, 8 bit A-law PCM, 16 bit
linear PCM.
+ Sampling Frequency: 8kHz
+ Single channel platform examples: SHARP SH7000, ARM6/ARM7,
Intel i960, TI TMS320C31, AT&T DSP3210
+ Multi-channel platform examples: TI TMS320C31, AT&T DSP3210
* tts2000/M
+ Output formats: 8/16 bit wave format, 8 bit mu-law PCM, 8 bit
A-law PCM, 16 bit linear PC.
+ Sampling Frequency: 8/10/11.025 kHz
+ Single processor platform examples: ARM6/ARM7, Intel
386/486/Pentium, Motorola 68040
+ Two processor platform examples: {Intel 386/486/Pentium or
Motorola 68030} and {ADI ADSP21XX or Motorola 5600X or TI
TMS320C25/20C5X}
* tts3000/C
+ Output formats: 8 bit mu-law PCM, 8 bit A-law PCM, 16 bit
linear PCM.
+ Sampling Frequency: 10kHz
+ Single processor platform examples: SHARP SH7000, ARM6/ARM7,
Intel i960, TI TMS320C31, AT&T DSP3210
+ Two processors platform examples: { SHARP SH7000 or ARM6/ARM7
or Intel 386EX or Motorola 683XX} and {ADI ADSP21XX or
Motorola 5600X or TI TMS320C25/C5X or TI TSP50C10}
* See also: L&H Windows TTS SDK
* More Information: on the Lernout & Hauspie WWW pages:
http://www.lhs.com/tts.html
* Price: Unknown
* Contact: Lernout and Hauspie Speech Products
20 Mall Road, 4th Floor
Burlington, MA 01803, USA
Ph: +1-617-238-0960, Fax: +1-617-238-0986
Email: sales@lhs.com
WWW: http://www.lhs.com/
Lernout & Hauspie Text-to-Speech Windows SDK
* Platform: Windows
* Description: The L&H Text-to-Speech software developers kit is
able to integrate text-to-speech technology with your own or
existing PC applications under Microsoft Windows 3.1. This
software will allow conversion of written text into clear human
sounding synthetic speech.
* Requirements: IBM-compatible PC 386 DX/33 + 8Mb RAM + MS DOS 5.0 +
MS Windows 3.1 (or higher) + SoundBlaster compatible sound board.
* See also: L&H TTS Products
* More Information: on the Lernout & Hauspie WWW pages:
http://www.lhs.com/tts.html
* Price: Unknown
* Contact: Lernout and Hauspie Speech Products
20 Mall Road, 4th Floor
Burlington, MA 01803, USA
Ph: +1-617-238-0960, Fax: +1-617-238-0986
Email: sales@lhs.com
WWW: http://www.lhs.com/
Listen2 Text Reader
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Listen2 is a multi-voice, multi-language text reader.
Listen2 comes in two versions, English only that uses high quality
male and female voices, and the International version that can
speak up to 5 different languages: English, German, French,
Spanish or Italian, all in male voices. The basic International
program comes with built-in English and additional language fonts
can be purchased separately. The English version comes complete.
Both programs are dynamically switchable and configurable. This
means that you can press a hot key to speed up the speech, make it
louder or quieter, etc., as it is reading a file. You can also
insert flags in text files to make it switch voices or switch
languages, depending on what version you have.
Listen2 has all the features of the JTS Reader shareware program
plus a few more. It will voice your reminder messages or
appointment list on start-up. It will also speak a reminder
message on shutting down.
* WWW: A more complete description is available on the Listen2 web
page
* Contact: Tom Slemko: e-mail: tslemko@islandnet.com, or,
JTS Micro Consulting Ltd
10931 Lytton Road, RR#4, Ladysmith, B.C., Canada, V0R 2E0
WWW: http://www.islandnet.com/jts/
Lucent Technologies Bell Labs Text-to-Speech system
* Platform: UNIX and Win-95/NT
* Description:Lucent Technologies provides a web site with demos and
samples of their latest speech synthesis technology. The site has
interactive demos in American English, German, and Mandarin
Chinese, and the capability to adjust voice parameters on the fly.
Pre-synthesized demos for French, Italian, Russian, and Romanian
are also provided.
The site includes downloadable papers with detailed system
descriptions.
* WWW: http://www.bell-labs.com/project/tts/
Macintosh Speech Output Applications
* Platform: Macintosh
* Description: A comprehensive list of Macintosh Speech Applications
is provided by Kevin Lenzo at CMU:
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/mac_speech_apps.html
The Apple Speech WWW Site also has some useful information:
http://www.speech.apple.com/
Speech Manager and PlainTalk
* Platform: Macintosh
* Description: Apple's text-to-speech system extensions that enable
applications to perform text-to-speech conversion. The Speech
Manager runs on most Macs, but PlainTalk (and the high quality
voices) requires a 68020 Mac or better.
* Availability: By anonymous ftp from:
ftp://ftp.support.apple.com/pub/apple_sw_updates/US/Macintosh/Syst
em/PlainTalk 1.4.1/
This directory contains subdirectories for recent versions of
PlainTalk. The current release (PlainTalk 1.4.1) contains the
English Text-To-Speech with about a dozen voices
(English_Text-to-Speech.hqx: 5.3 MByte), Mexican Spanish
(Mexican_Spanish_TTS.hqx: 2.8 MByte), and the English Speech
Recognition software (English_Speech_Recognition.hqx: 2.3MByte).
* Cost: Free
* WWW: The latest information is available from Apple's WWW page for
speech recognition and synthesis:
http://www.speech.apple.com/
* Note 1: Check out Kevin Lenzo's list of Macintosh Speech
Applications.
* Note 2: Joshua Baer (josh@skyweyr.com) runs a mailing list for
Plaintalk. For subscription and other information visit the
Plaintalk Discussion List Home page
* Contact: Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA
WWW: http://www.speech.apple.com/
Email: PlainTalk@atg.apple.com
MacYack Pro
* Platform: Macintosh
* Description: MacYack Pro is a commercial speech package for
Macintosh that uses the PlainTalk Text-to-Speech synthesis
software. Features include:
+ Add speech to any word processor.
+ Hear notification dialogs and other dialog boxes.
+ See and hear a customized message at startup or shutdown.
+ Hear calculations instantly.
+ Correct pronounciation errors.
+ Create custom double-clickable "speech files."
+ Have speaking alert sounds.
+ Add speech to HyperCard stacks.
+ Use AppleScript to add speech to other programs.
* Price: $29.95 for a limited time, reduced from $49.95 regular
price. 30 days money back guarantee.
* Contact: Scantron Quality Computers
20200 Nine Mile Rd. St. Clair Shores, MI 48080
Ph: 1-800-777-3642, Fax: 810-774-2698
E-mail: sales@sqc.com
WWW: http://www.sqc.com/
Product Info: http://www.lowtek.com/macyack/
MBROLA: Free Speech Synthesis Project
* Platform: Sun4, Sun/SunOS5.4, HP, VAX/VMS, DEC Alpha/VMS, PS/DOS,
PS/Windows 3.1, PS/Windows 95, PC/Solaris2.4, PC/Linux, SGI
INDY/IRIX, NeXT, and soon for Macintosh.
* Description: MBROLA is a high-quality, diphone-based speech
synthesizer which is available for free. It is provided by the
TCTS Lab of the Faculte Polytechnique de Mons (Belgium) which aims
to obtain a set a speech synthesizers for as many languages as
possible which will be free of use for non-commercial,
non-military applications.
MBROLA 2.00 takes a list of phonemes as input, together with
prosodic information (duration of phonemes and a piecewise linear
description of pitch), and produces 16bit speech samples at the
sampling frequency of the diphone database (typically 16kHz). (It
is therefore NOT a Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesizer, since it does
not accept raw text as input.) Databases are now being prepared
for English, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and Romanian. Collaborations
are welcome. More information can be found at the MBROLA project
homepage.
* Demonstration: WWW demo of MBROLA which compares the quality of
PSOLA, MBR-PSOLA, LPC, and Hybrid Harmonic/Stochastic
concatenative synthesizers is available at
http://tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/modelcmp.html.
* Contact: Dr Thierry Dutoit
Faculte Polytechnique de Mons, TCTS Lab,
31, bvd Dolez, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
Ph: +32-65-374133, Fax: +32-65-374129
e-mail: mbrola@tcts.fpms.ac.be
WWW: http://tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/mbrola.html
Monologue for Windows from First Byte
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Monologue is a software program that reads text from
the clipboard in Windows 16 or 32 bit applications. It can be
found as a bundled product with many sound cards and multimedia
general purpose computer systems. Monologue can add the element of
speech to virtually any text oriented application. Any
pronounceable combination of letters and numbers will be spoken
clearly. It can be applied to tasks such as eyes-free
proofreading, data verification (e.g. spreadsheets), reading
E-mail and more. User-changeable parameters provide control over
the sound quality by allowing for changes in pitch, and the speed
of speech. An exception dictionary saves preferred pronunciation
of words and abbreviations.
Monologue Win32 now includes support for the Microsoft SAPI.
Monologue male "SpeechFonts" are available for US English, British
English, German, French, Latin American Spanish, Italian. A US
English Female SpeechFont is also available.
For more detailed information and examples go to the First Byte
WWW pages.
* Availability: Currently bundled with many sound cards and
multimedia general purpose computer systems. For pricing,
licensing details, and release information see the First Byte WWW
pages or email info@firstbyte.davd.com.
* See also: ProVoice Developer's Speech Toolkit from First Byte
* Contact: First Byte
19840 Pioneer Ave., Torrance, CA 90503
Ph: 310-793-0610 Fax: 310-793-0611
Email: info@firstbyte.davd.com
WWW: http://www.firstbyte.davd.com/
Narrator Translator Library
* Platform: Amiga
* Description: A US English text to phoneme translator, implemented
as a resident software library, for use with the Amiga Narrator
Device. This software was supplied as a standard part of the Amiga
operating system software up to O.S version 2.04. (Translator
version 37.1, 1991) Approximately 700 translation rules are used
to create the 'ARPAbet' phonemes. This software is functional on
all current Amiga systems (O.S. 3.1).
* Availability: limited to pre-owned system software disks and
unsold O.S upgrade kits (Pre-O.S. 2.1).
Replacement Library: Translator42
* Platform: Amiga
* Description: an independent replacement for the Commodore-supplied
"translator.library" which is a part of the Narrator speech
synthesis package. It implements multi-lingual text-to-speech for
an Amiga. The translation rules for each language are defined in a
plain text 'Accent' file.
There is a provision for the selection of unique languages for
text segments by inserting in-line markup codes in the text: e.g.
"Hello there! \french{Bonjour} \deutsch{gute morgen}".
'Accent' files for American English, British English, Swedish,
Maori, Finnish, German, Icelandic, Klingon, Polish, Italian, and
Welsh languages included in the archive.
* Availability: Amiga The most current version, 42.4, of the library
and source are available by anonymous ftp from Aminet:
ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/aminet/util/libs/
ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/aminet/dev/src/
Narrator
* Platform: Amiga
* Description: Formant based speech synthesis. Includes a
Engish-to-phoneme translation library, and a SPEAK: pseudo-device
for speech output.
* Hardware: Standard Amiga hardware
* Availability: Part of AmigaOS
* See Also: The Narrator Translation library
TextToSpeech Kit
* Platform: NeXT Computers
* Description: The TextToSpeech Kit does unrestricted conversion of
English text to synthesized speech in real-time. The user has
control over speaking rate, median pitch, stereo balance, volume,
and intonation type. Text of any length can be spoken, and
messages can be queued up, from multiple applications if desired.
Real-time controls such as pause, continue, and erase are
included. Pronunciations are derived primarily by dictionary
look-up. The Main Dictionary has nearly 100,000 hand-edited
pronunciations which can be supplemented or overridden with the
User and Application dictionaries. A number parser handles numbers
in any form. A letter-to-sound knowledge base provides
pronunciations for words not in the Main or customized
dictionaries. Dictionary search order is under user control.
Special modes of text input are available for spelling and
emphasis of words or phrases. The actual conversion of text to
speech is done by the TextToSpeech Server. The Server runs as an
independent task in the background, and can handle up to 50 client
connections.
* Misc: The TextToSpeech Kit comes in two packages: the Developer
Kit and the User Kit. The Developer Kit enables developers to
build and test applications which incorporate text-to-speech. It
includes the TextToSpeech Server, the TextToSpeech Object, the
pronunciation editor PrEditor, several example applications,
phonetic fonts, example source code, and developer documentation.
The User Kit provides support for applications which incorporate
text-to-speech. It is a subset of the Developer Kit.
* Hardware: Uses standard NeXT Computer hardware.
* Cost:
+ TextToSpeech User Kit: $175 CDN ($145 US)
+ TextToSpeech Developer Kit: $350 CDN ($290 US)
+ Upgrade from User to Developer Kit: $175 CDN ($145 US)
* Availability: Trillium Sound Research
1500, 112 - 4th Ave. S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2P 0H3
Tel: (403) 284-9278 Fax: (403) 282-6778
Order Desk: 1-800-L-ORATOR (US and Canada only)
Email: TTSInfo@trillium.ab.ca
Orator Text-to-Speech Synthesizer
* Platform: SUN SPARC, Decstation 5000. Written in C, and therefore
portable to other UNIX platforms. Some successful ports: HP,
RS-6000, PC-Unix [Linux].
* Description: Sophisticated speech synthesis package. Has text
preprocessing (for abbreviations, numbers), acronym rules, and
human-like spelling routines. Natural-sounding synthesis based on
demisyllable concatenation. Has high accuracy for pronunciation of
names of people, places and businesses in America; good accuracy
for English text; rules for stress and intonation marking; various
methods of user control and customization at most stages of
processing.
A new version of the ORATOR system is under development. Both
ORATOR and this new "ORATOR II" system are capable of general text
synthesis. The ORATOR II system has a more natural-sounding voice.
* Hardware: Runs on common SPARC or Decstation workstations, using
their internal audio output capability. Recommend at least 16M of
memory.
* WWW: More detailed information plus examples of ORATOR synthesis
are available on the ORATOR WWW pages:
http://www.bellcore.com/ORATOR/
* Misc 1: A free demo cassette is available.
* Misc 2: Examples of Orator are also available on the University of
Birmingham Speech Synthesis "Museum" WWW site (see Q5.4).
* Availability and Pricing: Contact Bellcore's Licensing Office
Tel: 1-800-521-CORE (521-2673)
Fax: 1-908-336-2559
Email: Anthony Lindsey: alin1@panix.com
WWW: http://www.bellcore.com/ORATOR/
PAM - A Text-To-Speech Application
* Platform: Windows
* Description: PAM is a talking personal assistant and text reader
application. It uses the ProVoice TTS package. PAM will verbally
advise about appointments and reminder messages at specified times
during the day. It can read text files, clipboard text, and text
sent in DDE messages. Using the full verbal interface, PAM can be
used by visually challenged individuals. Shareware - thirty day
free trial.
* Requirements: Any Windows sound card, speakers or headphones. Min.
memory - 4 megs, 8 megs recommended.
* WWW: A more complete description is available on the JTS homepage:
http://www.islandnet.com/~tslemko/
* Availability: The shareware can be downloaded by ftp from
ftp://ftp.islandnet.com/jts/pam_en3c.zip. The file size is approx.
1 MByte.
* Price: $US40 for the registered version.
* Contact: Tom Slemko: e-mail: tslemko@islandnet.com, or,
JTS Micro Consulting Ltd
10931 Lytton Road, RR#4, Ladysmith, B.C., Canada, V0R 2E0
ProVerbe Speech Engine from ELAN Informatique
* Platform: Windows 3.x, NT, 95, OS/2, Unix Solaris, Unix SCO and
hardware
* Description: The ProVerbe Speech Engine from ELAN Informatique
produces natural sounding speech from written text. Naturalness is
achieved by using the TD-PSOLA process from the CNET (France
telecom's research lab.) which is based on the concatenation of
elementary speech units (including diphones). Supported languages
are British English, American English, Russian, German, French and
Spanish. For multi-channel applications Elan Informatique also
provides hardware platforms.
Elan Informatique provides a SDK reference document (sdken.doc:
WinWord6 format).
* Demo versions: Telephone demonstration: +33-561 17 67 01
Sample sound files and demonstration software available.
A CD-ROM with all these demonstrations is available by
registration.
* Contact: Elan Informatique
4 rue Jean Rodier, 31400 TOULOUSE FRANCE
Contact person: Pierre Delrat
Phone: +33-561-36-0777 Fax: +33-61-36-0770
BBS: +33-561-36-0788
E-mail: sales@elan.fr
ftp: ftp://ftp.elan.fr
WWW: http://www.elan.fr/
ProVoice Developer's Speech Toolkit from First Byte
* Platform: ProVoice Developer's Toolkits are available for DOS,
Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, OS/2, and Macintosh.
* Description: ProVoice allows programmers to add synthesized speech
to their applications. Your program passes text strings to the
ProVoice speech engine that translates text into audible speech.
Male and/or female "SpeechFonts" are available for many languages;
English, French, German, UK British English, Italian, and Spanish.
ProVoice converts text to speech in two phases using a set of
phonetic translation and pronunciation rules. First, the software
analyzes and translates text into "sound descriptors", a phonetic
language with pitch, duration, and amplitude codes which are
needed to produce stress patterns in phrases and sentences. Rules
are used to analyze words, numbers, and punctuation. The second
phase converts the intermediate phonetic language in speech
signals; algorithms drive distinct speech signals into smooth
flowing, continuous, clear speech. Real time synchronization of
mouth movement and word boundaries allows animation of a graphical
talking character, or highlighting of displayed text as it is
spoken.
Necessary tools and examples are provided for programmers to
manipulate the ProVoice speech technology; including installation
instructions, extensive samples programs, and complete
documentation. In addition, sample code is provided on disk to
illustrate speech programming techniques.
* Note 1: First Byte will perform custom work for embedded systems.
* Note 2: ProVoice Windows includes support for the Microsoft SAPI.
It will speak through any Windows-supported wave audio device.
* Note 3: Distribution of ProVoice for commercial use is subject to
execution of a Commercial Product Distribution License Agreement.
* WWW: For more detailed information and examples go to the First
Byte WWW page: http://www.firstbyte.davd.com/
* See also: Monologue for Windows from First Byte
* Price and Availability: Contact First Byte
* Contact: First Byte
19840 Pioneer Ave., Torrance, CA 90503
Ph: 310-793-0610, Fax: 310-793-0611
Email: info@firstbyte.davd.com
WWW: http://www.firstbyte.davd.com/
RC Systems V8600/V8601 Text to Speech synthesizers
* Platform 1: IBM PC: ISA card.
* Platform 2: Interface to PC/104 standard microcontrollers.
* Platform 3: Standalone (or embedded) hardware thru RS232 or
parallel printer port or processor bus.
* Description: Converts plain ASCII text to speech. Programmable
voices, pitch rate, volume, etc. Built-in DTMF and tone
generators.
* Price: $151-$299 US (qty 1)
* Contact: RC Systems
1609 England Avenue, Everett, WA 98203, USA
Ph: (206) 355-3800 Fax: (206) 355-1098
Europe: +44181 539-0285
rsynth
* Platform: Various (including Solaris2.3, SunOS4.1.3, HPUX, SGI
Irix4.x, Linux)
* Description: Public domain text-to-speech systm assembled from a
variety of sources. It supports CMU and BEEP format dictionaries
(as described in Q1.10) and now utilises stress marks in the
dictionary in synthesising intonation.
* Price: Free
* Misc: Axel Belinfante has implemented a WWW rsynth demo:
http://wwwtios.cs.utwente.nl/say.
* Availability: by anonymous ftp from
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/synthesis/rsy
nth-2.0.tar.Z
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/synthesis/rsy
nth-2.0.tar.gz
SENSYN speech synthesizer
* Platform: PC/DOS/Windows, Macintosh, Sun, and NeXT
* Rough Cost: $300
* Description: This formant synthesizer produces speech waveform
files based on the (Klatt) KLSYN88 synthesizer. It is intended for
laboratory and research use. Note that this is NOT a
text-to-speech synthesizer, but creates speech sounds based upon a
large number of input variables (formant frequencies, bandwidths,
glottal pulse characteristics, etc.) and would be used as part of
a TTS system. Includes full source code.
* Availability: Sensimetrics Corporation
Sidney Street, Cambridge MA 02139.
Fax: (617) 225-0470; Tel: (617) 225-2442.
Email: sensimetrics@sens.com
WWW: http://www.sens.com/
SGI Developers Toolbox Synthesiser
* Platform: SGI
* Description: The SGI Developer Toolbox 4.0 CDROM contains a
basicpublic domain text-to-speech program in the publics/speak
directory. The directory includes man pages and source.
* Availability: on the SGI Developer Toolbox 4.0 CDROM
SIMTEL
A wide range of speech related software, sound-blaster software and
signal processing software for PCs is available on SimTel and its
mirror sites. It can be obtained by ftp from:
ftp://ftp.coast.net/SimTel/msdos/voice/
and is now on the WWW:
http://www.acs.oakland.edu/oak/SimTel/win3/sound.html
Voicemaker
The archives include the program Voicemaker which synthesises speech
from phonemes using "concatenation" of phonemes recorded by the user.
Voicemaker is a freeware program. It requires an IBM or compatible,
512KB RAM, sound blaster compatible sound card.
ftp://ftp.coast.net/SimTel/msdos/voice/
Sound Bytes DeveloperUs Kit
* Platform: Subroutine library for Windows, OS/2 and Macintosh
* Hardware: Windows - 16 MHz 80386 (minimum) running Windows 3.1; 4
Mb RAM with at least 1.4 Mb RAM free. Disk space 1.4 Mb.
OS/2 - 16 MHz 80386 (minimum) running OS/2 2.0 or above; 8 Mb RAM
with at least 1.4 Mb RAM free.
Mac - Any Mac with at least 2.5 Mb of RAM running 6.0.4 or higher.
Telephone compatible. Compatible with commonly used sound cards.
* Description: SBDK is a software-only sentence-level synthesizer
that converts unrestricted English text (ASCII) into synthesized
voice through diphone concatenation. SBDK utlizes parsing to
incorporate the intonational and rhythmic patterns of normal
speech. The developerUs kit includes two voices, one female and
one male. The product has a 55,000-word built-in dictionary and a
tool for creating customized user dictionaries. It converts
numbers, dates, dollars, phone numbers and times to words, and has
a SoundOut facility that provides a choice of pronouncing unknown
words phonetically or spelling them out. Developers can vary voice
pitch (130-220 Hz) and rate (65-200 wpm), synchronize speech to
other events, have multiple channels of speech to the same or
different boards, etc. Speech sampling options: 8-bit linear;
8-bit companded at 11 kHz (Windows); 8-bit mu-law PCM at 8 or 11
kHz; 16-bit linear at 11 kHz.
* Cost: Sound Bytes may be licensed for internal use or resale. Site
license fee= $3750. Resale or Internal runtime fees= 2% of net
sales price per runtime sold, OR $150 per telephone port, OR per
unit pricing for internal use determined case-by-case.
* Misc: Demo disks are available for Windows and the Mac.
* Availability: Natural Speech Technologies, Inc.
Ph: (619) 457-2526.
spchsyn.exe
* Platform: DOS
* Availability: By anonymous ftp as a self extracting DOS archive.
ftp://evans.ee.adfa.oz.au/mirrors/tibbs/applications/
* Requirements: May require special TI product(s), but all source is
there.
"Speak" - a Text to Speech Program
* Platform: Sun SPARC
* Description: Text to speech program based on concatenation of
pre-recorded speech segments. A function library can be used to
integrate speech output into other code.
* Hardware: SPARC audio I/O
* Availability: by anonymous ftp
ftp://wilma.cs.brown.edu/pub/speak.tar.Z
Speech Manager and PlainTalk
* Platform: Macintosh
* Description: Apple's text-to-speech system extensions that enable
applications to perform text-to-speech conversion. The Speech
Manager runs on most Macs, but PlainTalk (and the high quality
voices) requires a 68020 Mac or better.
* Availability: By anonymous ftp from:
ftp://ftp.support.apple.com/pub/apple_sw_updates/US/Macintosh/Syst
em/PlainTalk 1.4.1/
This directory contains subdirectories for recent versions of
PlainTalk. The current release (PlainTalk 1.4.1) contains the
English Text-To-Speech with about a dozen voices
(English_Text-to-Speech.hqx: 5.3 MByte), Mexican Spanish
(Mexican_Spanish_TTS.hqx: 2.8 MByte), and the English Speech
Recognition software (English_Speech_Recognition.hqx: 2.3MByte).
* Cost: Free
* WWW: The latest information is available from Apple's WWW page for
speech recognition and synthesis:
http://www.speech.apple.com/
* Note 1: Check out Kevin Lenzo's list of Macintosh Speech
Applications.
* Note 2: Joshua Baer (josh@skyweyr.com) runs a mailing list for
Plaintalk. For subscription and other information visit the
Plaintalk Discussion List Home page
* Contact: Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA
WWW: http://www.speech.apple.com/
Email: PlainTalk@atg.apple.com
Text to phoneme program (1)
* Platform: unknown
* Description: Text to phoneme program. Based on Naval Research
Lab's set of text to phoneme rules.
* Availability: by anonymous ftp
ftp://shark.cse.fau.edu/pub/src/
Text to phoneme program (2)
* Platform: unknown
* Description: Text to phoneme program.
* Availability: by anonymous ftp
ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/unix-c/utils/
Text to phoneme program (3)
* Description: A public domain version of the same Naval Research
Lab text to phoneme rules.
* Availability: By anonymous ftp
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/synthesis/english2phon
eme.tar.gz
Tinytalk
* Platform: DOS / Windows???
* Description: Shareware package is a speech 'screen reader' which
is used by many blind users.
* Price: Tinytalk is now $150. There are package deals on Tinytalk
with various speech synthesizers.
* Availability: Tinytalk is available by anonymous ftp from the
following site
Files: ttexe167.zip and ttdoc167.zip (executable and
documenation)
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/eb/ebohlman/
(Note: it is a busy ftp server.)
* Contact: Eric Bohlman
OMS Development
610-B Forest Ave., Wilmette, IL 60091
Ph: (800)831-0272 Fax: 708-251-5793
Outside North America: (708)-251-5787
Email: ebohlman@netcom.com
TrueTalk
* Platform: Sun Sparcstation 1+/2/LX/5/10/20 with SunOS 4.1.3, or
SGI Indy/Indigo/Indigo2 with IRIX 5.2. More platforms in
development.
* Description: Personal TrueTalk, by Entropic Research Laboratory,
Inc., is an all-software Text-to-Speech (TTS) system designed to
voice-enable UNIX X-Windows workstations. It combines a graphical
interface with a powerful TTS engine based on technology developed
by AT&T Bell Laboratories. Features include:
+ Intelligible, prosodically natural speech.
+ Text taken from file input, highlighted X selections, the
interface scratch pad, other programs connected through a
TCP/IP socket, or Tcl/Tk applications via the Tk "send"
mechanism.
+ Stop, pause and resume while speech is in progress.
+ Visual indication of corresponding text position when paused.
+ Nine speaking voices, with Male and Female versions of each
voice.
+ Adjustable speaking rate and volume.
+ Supports drop-in text filters; "email" and "lively" examples
included.
+ Audio output through workstation headphones or speaker.
+ Complete on-line documentation, including mouse-activated
help windows.
* Misc: A more detailed description of TrueTalk is available on the
Entropic WWW server: http://www.entropic.com/truetalk.com
* Availability: You can obtain Personal TrueTalk through the
Internet. For details, see
ftp://ftp.entropic.com/pub/truetalk/README.ptt
Personal TrueTalk is available free of charge for evaluation
purposes. You can fully-enable your evaluation copy at any time by
purchasing a license key from Entropic.
* Requirements: 12MB disk space, 8MB process size (24MB system RAM
recommended).
* Cost: US$495; US$395 academic
* Contact: Entropic Research Laboratory, Inc.,
Washington, D.C.
Voice: 1-800-ENTROPIC (North America), (202) 547 1420
Fax: (202) 547-6648
Email: truetalk@entropic.com
WWW: http://www.entropic.com/
TruVoice from Centigram
* Platform: Windows-NT, Windows 95, Windows 3.1 (limited release),
Sun Solaris 2.x
* Description: TruVoice., an advanced text-to-speech converter, is
available for multiple environments. TruVoice converts text into
spoken language. TruVoice adds intelligible, natural-sounding
speech to sound enabled platforms.
+ Small, 1.5MB, memory footprint
+ Advanced text pre-processing
+ No vocabulary restrictions
+ User-definable pronunciation dictionary
+ Accurately pronounces surnames and place names
+ Preprocessor provides e-mail and spreadsheet reading
capabilities and expands abbreviations.
+ Multiple languages available: American English, Latin
American Spanish, German, French, Italian
+ Flexible pitch, volume and speech rate
+ Intonation support for punctuation
+ Supports navigational capabilities such as, pause, resume and
jump forward / jump back with sentence or word boundaries
More detailed information is provided in the brochure page on the
Centigram WWW site.
A demonstration of TruVoice is available on the Centigram WWW
pages.
* Cost:
+ Windows versions are $495 for the SDK
+ Solaris versions are $995
+ Contact Centigram for other pricing.
* Contact: TruVoice Sales
Centigram Communications Corporation
91 East Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134
Ph: (408) 944-0250 Fax: (408) 428-3732
Demo: 800-746 1632
Email: webmaster@centigram.com
WWW: http://www.centigram.com/
WinSpeech
* Platform: Windows
* Description: WinSpeech is a text-to-speech application that reads
text and produces speech to the audio output. Features basic text
editing tools, talk from editing window, DDE server allows other
Windows applications to send text for talking, coach mode for
providing audio instructions throughout the program, dictionary
editing tools for customizing pronunciation.
WSPLIB text-to-speech DLL is a speech functions library for
developers. More information available by email.
* Requirements: System requirements: IBM PC or compatible computer
with Windows 3.1 or higher. Sound card is recommended but not
required.
* Availability: Freeware available through the PC WholeWare WWW
page.
* Contact: PC WholeWare
33 Justin Street, Lexington, MA 02173, U.S.A.
Email: info@pcww.com
WWW: http://www.pcww.com/index.html
WreadFiles: File reader for Commodore Amiga
* Platform: Commodore Amiga
* Description: WreadFiles is a vocal text file reader program for
use on the Commodore Amiga. The text is printed to the screen and
spoken. Features include:
+ Text is read in sentences rather than lines.
+ Dynamic Speech Correction on over 4000 word or word
fragments.
+ Pronunciations for many place names, personal names, foreign
names, foreign expressions and abbreviations.
+ Run from Workbench or CLI.
+ Used with A1000 (OS 1.3), A3000 (OS 2.04-2.1), and A4000 (OS
3.0)
* Requirements: Standard Amiga Translator.library and
Narrator.device required. 2.04 versions recommended. 1 Meg or more
ram recommended. External speakers required.
* Availability: No fee requested for non-commercial use. From:
+ GEnie: Page 555,3 File Number 24627
+ Aminet
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/misc/
* Contact: Written by Michael L. Barlow
Email: M.Barlow1@GEnie.geis.com or mbarlow@pacific.telebyte.com or
MikeB@cuix.pscu.com
ZMD Speech Synthesis
"Speaky" Speech Synthesis from ZMD
* Platform: DSP solution for platform independent speech synthesis
implementation
* Description: "Speaky" provides German speech synthesis system in a
DSP solution. It includes pre-processing of input ASCII text with
unlimited vocabulary, both parametric and non-parametric speech
synthesis algorithms, and prosody modelling. More detailed
information and audio samples can be found at the ZMD WWW Site.
* Contact: Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden GmbH
Grenzstrasse 28, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
Ph: +49-351-8822-306, Fax: +49-351-8822-337
Email: assp@zmd-gmbh.de
WWW: http://www.zmd-gmbh.de/
ZMD PCMCIA Speech Synthesis Card
* Platform: MS-DOS, Windows
* Description: Complete text-to-speech synthesis system for the
German language with unlimited vocabulary using VOICE Processor
"Speaky". The required pre-processing of the input ASCII text is
performed by a software programm that is downloaded automatically
from the PCMCIA Speech Synthesis Card during the card's
initialising routine. Headphone or active loudspeaker can be
connected directly for signal output. More detailed information
and audio samples can be found at the ZMD WWW Site.
* Requirements: PC Card slot, Card & Socket Services Software
* Contact: Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden GmbH
Grenzstrasse 28, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
Ph: +49-351-8822-306, Fax: +49-351-8822-337
Email: assp@zmd-gmbh.de
WWW: http://www.zmd-gmbh.de/
___________________________________________________________________________
Speech Recognition
comp.speech FAQ Section 6
* SpeechLinks: Speech Recognition
* Q6.1: What is speech recognition?
* Q6.2: How is speech recognition performed?
* Q6.3: How can I build a simple speech recogniser?
* Q6.4: References & books on speech recognition
* Q6.5: Speech Recognition Hardware/Software
* Q6.6: Speaker Recognition (Verification and Identification)
* Q6.7: Integrated Speech Products
___________________________________________________________________________
Q6.1: What is speech recognition?
Automatic Speech Recognition
Automatic speech recognition is the process by which a computer maps
an acoustic speech signal to text.
Automatic speech understanding is the process by which a computer maps
an acoustic speech signal to some form of abstract meaning of the
speech.
What does speaker dependent / adaptive / independent mean?
A speaker dependent system is developed to operate for a single
speaker. These systems are usually easier to develop, cheaper to buy
and more accurate, but not as flexible as speaker adaptive or speaker
independent systems.
A speaker independent system is developed to operate for any speaker
of a particular type (e.g. American English). These systems are the
most difficult to develop, most expensive and accuracy is lower than
speaker dependent systems. However, they are more flexible.
A speaker adaptive system is developed to adapt its operation to the
characteristics of new speakers. It's difficulty lies somewhere
between speaker independent and speaker dependent systems.
What does small/medium/large/very-large vocabulary mean?
The size of vocabulary of a speech recognition system affects the
complexity, processing requirements and the accuracy of the system.
Some applications only require a few words (e.g. numbers only), others
require very large dictionaries (e.g. dictation machines). There are
no established definitions, however, try
* small vocabulary - tens of words
* medium vocabulary - hundreds of words
* large vocabulary - thousands of words
* very-large vocabulary - tens of thousands of words.
What does continuous speech or isolated-word mean?
An isolated-word system operates on single words at a time - requiring
a pause between saying each word. This is the simplest form of
recognition to perform because the end points are easier to find and
the pronunciation of a word tends not affect others. Thus, because the
occurrences of words are more consistent they are easier to recognise.
A continuous speech system operates on speech in which words are
connected together, i.e. not separated by pauses. Continuous speech is
more difficult to handle because of a variety of effects. First, it is
difficult to find the start and end points of words. Another problem
is "coarticulation". The production of each phoneme is affected by the
production of surrounding phonemes, and similarly the the start and
end of words are affected by the preceding and following words. The
recognition of continuous speech is also affected by the rate of
speech (fast speech tends to be harder).
___________________________________________________________________________
Q6.2: How is speech recognition performed?
A wide variety of techniques are used to perform speech recognition.
There are many types of speech recognition. There are many levels of
speech recognition / analysis / understanding.
Typically speech recognition starts with the digital sampling of
speech. The next stage is acoustic signal processing. Most techniques
include spectral analysis; e.g. LPC analysis (Linear Predictive
Coding), MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients), cochlea modelling
and many more.
The next stage is recognition of phonemes, groups of phonemes and
words. This stage can be achieved by many processes such as DTW
(Dynamic Time Warping), HMM (hidden Markov modelling), NNs (Neural
Networks), expert systems and combinations of techniques. HMM-based
systems are currently the most commonly used and most successful
approach.
Most systems utilise some knowledge of the language to aid the
recognition process.
Some systems try to "understand" speech. That is, they try to convert
the words into a representation of what the speaker intended to mean
or achieve by what they said.
___________________________________________________________________________
Q6.3: How can I build a simple speech recogniser?
QUICKY RECOGNIZER sketch:
Doug Danforth provides a detailed account in article 253 in the
comp.speech archives. A summary is provided below. It is also
available by anonymous ftp
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/info/DIY_SpeechReco
gnition
This is a simple recognizer that should give you 85%+ recognition
accuracy. The accuracy is a function of the words you have in your
vocabulary. Long distinct words are easy. Short similar words are
hard. You can get 98+% on the digits with this recognizer.
Overview:
* Find the begining and end of the utterance.
* Filter the raw signal into frequency bands.
* Cut the utterance into a fixed number of segments.
* Average data for each band in each segment.
* Store this pattern with its name.
* Collect training set of about 3 repetitions of each pattern
(word).
* Recognize unknown by comparing its pattern against all patterns in
the training set and returning the name of the pattern closest to
the unknown.
Many variations upon the theme can be made to improve the performance.
Try different filtering of the raw signal and different processing
methods.
Public Domain Recognition Software
Q6.5 contains information on public domain speech recognition software
including: Lotec and Myers' Hidden Markov Model software.
Discrete Hidden Markov Model Demonstration Software
Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are widely used in speech recognition
systems. Joe Picone has put together some demonstration software for
basic discrete HMMs including Viterbi and Baum-Welch training and
evaluation, random sequence generation (generating data from a model),
and model updating (useful for incremental training). There is a
simple demo program that supports all of these modes from command line
arguments. This allows experiments to test the classic coin-toss
examples commonly described in textbooks. The code closely parallels
the following textbook:
* J.R. Deller, Jr., J.G. Proakis, and J.H.L. Hansen, Discrete-Time
Processing of Speech Signals, MacMillan, 1993, ISBN:
0-02-328301-7.
The code is written in C++ and is intended to facilitate learning and
understanding of the algorithms. The code is available on the ISIP web
site:
http://www.isip.msstate.edu/software/
Lecture notes corresponding to the examples are also available:
http://www.isip.msstate.edu/publications/1996/speech_recognition_short
_course
___________________________________________________________________________
Q6.4: References & books on speech recognition
* Product Reviews and Comparisons
* Using Speech Recognition: Health Issues
* On the WWW
* Technology: General and Introductory
* Technical
* Course Notes
* Bibliographies and Reference Lists
Product Reviews and Comparisons
* "Talk Show", Wayne Rash Jr., PC Magazine (USA), Dec 20, 1994.
* "Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing" published a nine-page,
head-to-head comparison of Dragon's DOS software with IBM's OS/2
software. March 7, 1994; Volume 8, Number 7; Pages 3-11;
ISSN:0889-9762; Seybold Publications, P.O. Box 644, Media, PA
19063 USA, phone (610) 565-2480.
* McGraw-Hill Inc.'s "BYTE, the Magazine of Technology Integration,"
published a two-page review of IBM's Personal Dictation System
software. May 1994; Volume ?, Number ?; Pages 145-146;
ISSN:0360-5280; Editorial, Executive, and Circulation address: One
Phoenix Mill Lane, Peterborough, NH 03458 USA, phone ?
Using Speech Recognition: Health Issues
* The National Center for Voice and Speech provides some basic
information on preserving "Vocal Health" on their WWW site:
http://www.shc.uiowa.edu/hygiene/home.html
* Voice Users Mailing List: detail in Q1.4.html of the FAQ.
* Typing Injury FAQ: http://www.cs.princeton.edu:80/~dwallach/tifaq/
has a range of information on Typing Injuries, avoiding them,
alternatives and more.
* Typing Injuries Page:
http://alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/typing-archive.html has links to
dozens of useful resources.
* Voice Problems -- Prevention and Correction: advice on preserving
your voice with specific hints for using speech recognition.
ftp://ftp.csua.berkeley.edu/pub/typing-injury/voice-problems
* " Talking to a PC May Be Hazard To Your Throat", by Julie Chao in
the Wall Street Journal.
* " Talking to Computers Has its Hazards", by Gordon Arnaut in The
Globe and Mail
On the WWW
* Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology:
Report edited by Ronald A. Cole et. al. with a section on Spoken
Input Technologies.
http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CSLU/HLTsurvey/ch1node2.html
Technology: General and Introductory
Some general introduction books on speech recognition technology:
* Fundamentals of Speech Recognition; Lawrence Rabiner & Biing-Hwang
Juang Englewood Cliffs NJ: PTR Prentice Hall (Signal Processing
Series), c1993, ISBN 0-13-015157-2
* Speech recognition by machine; W.A. Ainsworth London: Peregrinus
for the Institution of Electrical Engineers, c1988
* Speech synthesis and recognition; J.N. Holmes Wokingham: Van
Nostrand Reinhold, c1988
* Speech Communication: Human and Machine, Douglas O'Shaughnessy;
Addison Wesley series in Electrical Engineering: Digital Signal
Processing, 1987.
* Electronic speech recognition: techniques, technology and
applications, edited by Geoff Bristow, London: Collins, 1986
* Readings in Speech Recognition; edited by Alex Waibel & Kai-Fu
Lee. San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann, c1990
Technical
* Hidden Markov models for speech recognition; X.D. Huang, Y. Ariki,
M.A. Jack. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, c1990
* Speech Recognition: The Complete Practical Reference Guide; T.
Schalk, P. J. Foster: Telecom Library Inc, New York; ISBN
O-9366648-39-2; 377 pages; paperback only. Covers speech
recognition in a telephony environment and wish to use call
processing hardware based in PCs. It is written using Dialogic
hardware as the example for the hardware.
* Automatic speech recognition: the development of the SPHINX
system; by Kai-Fu Lee; Boston; London: Kluwer Academic, c1989
* An Introduction to the Application of the Theory of Probabilistic
Functions of a Markov Process to Automatic Speech Recognition, S.
E. Levinson, L. R. Rabiner and M. M. Sondhi; in Bell Syst. Tech.
Jnl. v62(4), pp1035--1074, April 1983
* Review of Neural Networks for Speech Recognition, R. P. Lippmann;
in Neural Computation, v1(1), pp 1-38, 1989.
* Automatic Speech and Speaker Recognition: Advanced Topics, C.H.
Lee, F.K. Soong and K.K. Paliwal (Eds.), Kluwer, Boston, 1996.
Course Notes
* Joseph Picone of the Institute for Signal and Information
Processing (ISIP) at Mississippi State University has put the
course notes for "Fundamentals of Speech Recognition" on the WWW.
The course covers background probability and phonetics/acoustics,
speech signal analysis, dynamic programming, dynamic time warping,
hidden Markov modelling, language modelling, neural networks, etc.
The WWW sites provides the syllabus and lecture notes.
WWW: http://www.isip.msstate.edu/publications/1996/ee_8993/
Bibliographies and Reference Lists
* WWW searchable online-bibiliography for Phonetics and Speech
Technology with more than 8000 entries. Provided by Institut fur
Phonetik at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt.
http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/~ifb/bib_engl.html
* Computational Speech Processing: Speech Analysis, Recognition,
Understanding, Compression, Transmission, Coding, Synthesis ; Text
to Speech Systems, Speech to Tactile Displays, Speaker
Identification, Prosody Processing : BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Conrad F.
Sabourin, 1994, 2 volumes, 1187p, ISBN 2-921173-21-2, INFOLINGUA
inc., P.O. Box 187 Snowdon, Montreal, H3X 3T4, Canada.
See also: http://gomer.mlink.net/infolingua.html
___________________________________________________________________________
Q6.5: Speech Recognition Hardware and Software
The number of speech recognition packages, and the information about
the software is changing rapidly. Any help with keeping this
information up to date will be appreciated.
* Products in the FAQ
* Speech Recognition Processors (ICs)
* Recognition Information on the WWW
* Speech Recognition Resellers and Value-Add
In the FAQ:
The following speech recognition software/hardware is described in the
comp.speech FAQ.
_Apple Macintosh_
* Digital Dreams Speech Recognition Plug-Ins
* Dragon Dictation Products
* Macintosh Speech Recognition Manager
* PowerSecretary
_Windows (including 95, NT, 3.1)_
* AT&T Watson Speech Recognition
* Cambridge Voice for Windows
* CustomVoice and CustomTelephone: A&G Graphics Interface Inc.
* DragonDictate for Windows
* Dragon Dictation Products
* Dragon Developer Tools
* Ficomp Interpreter 6000
* IBM VoiceType Dictation and Control
* IN CUBE
* Kurzweil Speech Recognition (2 products)
* Lernout & Hauspie ASR SDK
* Listen for Windows 2.0 from Verbex Voice Systems
* Microsoft Speech Recognition
* NCC Dictate
* Phonetic Engine 500 (PE500) from Speech Systems, Inc.
* Philips Speech Recognition (2 products)
* ProNotes Voice Tools
* PureSpeech
* smARTspeak from Advanced Recognition Technologies, Inc.
* Visual Voice from Stylus Innovation
* VoiceAssist for Windows from Creative Labs, Inc.
* VoiceServer for Windows
* Whisper
* WildCard Speech Products
_DOS_
* DATAVOX - French
* Dragon Developer Tools
* Ficomp Interpreter 6000
* Jialong He's Speech Recognition Research Tool
* smARTspeak from Advanced Recognition Technologies, Inc.
* Votan VPC2100 Voice Card and VSP 1010 Speech Processor
_OS/2_
* IBM VoiceType Dictation and Control
_Unix_
* AbbotDemo
* BBN Hark Telephony Recognizer
* EARS: Single Word Recognition Package
* Ficomp Interpreter 6000
* Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK) from Entropic
* IN CUBE
* Jialong He's Speech Recognition Research Tool
* Lotec Speech Recognition Package
* Myers' Hidden Markov Model software
* NICO Artificial Neural Network Toolkit
* Nuance Speech Recognition System
* PureSpeech
* recnet
_Integrated Circuits and Dedicated Hardware_
* HM2007 - Speech Recognition Chip
* OKI VRP6679 - Speech Recognition Chip
* Sensory Inc. Integrated Circuits
* Speech Commander - Verbex Voice Systems
* Voice Control Systems Recognition
* VCS 2030 & 2060 Voice Dialer
_Other Platforms_
* Simon Says (NeXT)
* Voice Command Line Interface (Amiga)
* Visus SpeechKit
_Unknown_
* Berkeley Restaurant Project (BeRP)
* Lernout & Hauspie ASR (3 products)
* Voice-Trek 2.0
* Voicetek Corp.
* Voice Processing Corporation Speech Recognition Product Line
Speech Recognition Processors (ICs)
Jean-Pierre Lereboullet has put together a detailed list of Voice
Recognition Processors which covers about 15 ICs and pieces of related
hardware (including D6106, HM2007, MSM6679, RSC-164, TC8860F/64F/65F,
5A128).
The document is available on the comp.speech ftp server:
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/info/VoiceRecognitionProce
ssors
Recognition Information on the WWW
In addition to the entries on speech recognition in this FAQ, the
following WWW sites provide information on speech recognition:
Commercial Speech Recognition: Russ Wilcox of PureSpeech Inc.
http://www.tiac.net/users/rwilcox/speech.html
Macintosh Speech Resources and Apps
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/mac_speech_apps.html
Speech Recognition Information: 21st Century Eloquence
http://www.voicerecognition.com/
Applied Speech Technology Laboratory of CLSI at Stanford
http://csli-www.stanford.edu/users/bscott/SRTech.html
Speech Toys Speech Recognition Page
http://www.speechtoys.com/spchtoys/sprec.html
Speech recognition product lists: postings to comp.speech
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/info/SpeechRecognit
ionProducts
Search Alta Vista for Speech Recognition
Search Lycos for Speech Recognition
Yahoo pages on Speech Recognition
http://www.yahoo.com/business/corporations/computers/software/v
oice_recognition/
http://www.yahoo.com/Science/Computer_Science/Artificial_Intell
igence/Natural_Language_Processing/Speech_Recognition/
Speech Recognition Resellers and Value-Added Services
1stVoice
2470 El Camino Real, Suite 110, Palo Alto CA 94306-1701
Ph: 415-857-1320, Fax: 415-856-6996
WWW: http://www.1stvoice.com/
Email: mail@1stvoice.com
Dragon Dictation Products
21st Century Eloquence
325-A Royal Poinciana Plaza, Palm Beach, Florida 33480, USA
Ph: 800-245-2133, Fax: 407-835-4901
WWW: http://www.voicerecognition.com/
Kurzweil, IBM VoiceType, Dragon, Kolvox
Auscript (Australia)
Suite 2, Level 3, 60-70 Elizabeth St, Sydney, NSW 2000,
Australia
Ph: +61-2-238 6565, Fax: +61-2-238 6566
WWW: http://www.auscript.com.au/
Dragon Systems
BRITE
WWW: http://www.brite.com/
Computer Telephony Integration & Interactive Voice Response
DAX Systems, Inc.
30 Chapin Road, Unit 1201, P.O. Box 778, Pine Brook, NJ/USA
07058
Ph: +1-201-227-8111, Fax: +1-201-227-8197
Email: info@daxsystems.com
WWW: http://www.daxsystems.com/
Computer Telephony and Integrated Voice Response
HealthCare Resources
1444 Aviation Blvd, #103, Redondo Beach, CA 90278, USA
Ph: +1-310-937-5156, Fax: +1-310-937-5159
EMail: Scalif@AOL.COM
Power Secretary & Dragon Dictate. Specializing in:
Medical/Dental, Motion Picture Industry, Carpal Tunnel related
and Disabled Persons.
O'Brien Resources
Ph: (540) 347-4988 (Address unknown)
Email: obrien@crosslink.net
WWW: http://www.crosslink.net/~obrien/
Kurzweil Voice Recognition Products
SCI VoiceAutomated
215 1/2 Main Street, Huntington Beach, CA 92648, USA
Ph: 800-597-6600, Ph: +1-714-969-7632, Fax: +1-714-969-0122
http://www.voiceautomated.com/
IBM VoiceType, Kurzweil Voice, DragonDictate and Philips
speech.
Synapse
3095 Kerner Blvd., Suite S, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA
Ph: (415) 455-9700, Fax: (415) 455-9801
Email: SYNAPSE_ADAPTIVE@msn.com
WWW: http://www.synapseadaptive.com/
Dragon Systems, Kurzweil and IBM products.
Talk Technology
Ph: 1-800-270-1672, Fax: 1-516-360-1213
Email: info@talktechnology.com
http://www.talktechnology.com/
Talk Technology, Inc.
Tel: +1-718-745-9199, Fax: +1-718-499-6480
Email: mnm@pipeline.com
WWW: http://www.usbusiness.com/talk/
Dragon Dictate and portable (notebook) solutions
ToppCopy Telecom
Email: ffalzett@toppcopy.com
WWW: http://www.toppcopy.com/
Philips Digital Dictation
VoiceWare Systems
230 California Street, Suite 410, San Francisco, CA 94111
Ph: (415) 433-2001, Fax: (415) 433-6909
Email: info@talk2type.com
WWW: http://www.talk2type.com/home.htm
IBM, Dragon Systems, Kurzweil Applied Intelligence, WildCard
Technologies
WorkLink
A.D.A. Solutions by WorkLink
2566-A Telegraph Avenue, Berkeley, California 94704 USA
Ph: 510-848-8363, Fax:510-848-7322
WWW: http://www.worklink.net/
Email: wayne@worklink.net
Dragon Dictation Products
AbbotDemo
* Platform: SunOS4, IRIX, Linux, HU-UX
* Description: Large vocabulary, speaker independent, continuous
automatic speech recognition system. Uses recurrent neural
networks and hidden Markov models with a 5,000 word vocabulary
upgradable) and a trigram word grammar. Includes a front end for
waveform capture and display (including spectrogram) and a
graphical display of the phoneme representation as well as a
rewriting display of the best guess word sequence.
* Requirements: UN*X, X, 8 Mbyte free RAM, 486DX or faster
processor, 16 bit soundcard, reasonable quality microphone and a
copy of the Wall Street Journal newspaper.
* Price: Free for non-commercial use
* Availability: By anonymous ftp from
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/AbbotDemo
* Note 1: This is not a complete system for dictation.
* Note 2: At present there are no sources with this distribution.
For sources for an earlier version see the recnet entry.
* Note 3: Not supported.
* Contact: AbbotDemo@compute.demon.co.uk
Tony Robinson
Cambridge University Engineering Department
Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
Tel: +44-1223-332815 Fax: +44-1223-332662
AT&T Watson Speech Recognition
* Platform: Windows 95/NT on a Pentium 75 Mhz or higher
* Description: Watson is a software implementation of AT&T Bell
Laboratories voice processing technology. Watson includes BLASR
Speech Recognition and FlexTalk speech synthesis (see Q5.5). It
requires no special hardware to run other than a standard sound
card and/or phone card. Technical details for BLASR Speech
Recognition include:
+ Compliant with Microsoft Speech API and Telephone API
+ Speaker independent, continuous speech recognition
+ Fast, run-time vocabulary change
+ Open mic and telephone line environments
+ SoundBlaster compatible sound card and drivers required
+ Subword models and whole-word digit models
+ Background, silence, and filler/garbage models
+ 50 word name vocabulary or 100 word phrase real-time
recognition with 95% accuracy
+ Rejection of out-of-vocabulary words
+ American English only - other languages in development
+ Barge-in speech begin/end notification - requires hardware
echo cancellation
The AT&T Advanced Speech Products Group home page provides more
detailed information including a Frequently Asked Questions list,
information for application developers on the Independent Software
Vendor (ISV) Program (including info on the SDK, licensing, and
the training program).
* Requirements: Uses 2 MB RAM, 10 MB Disk. Requires a Pentium 75 MHz
or higher CPU (uses
* Cost and Availability: WATSON is a software-based speech platform
with a Software Developers Kit (SDK) that allows application
developers to use voice processing in their applications. It is
not available as a stand-alone product.
Licensing information (inc. price) is provided in the AT&T
Advanced Speech Products Group home page
* See also: Watson FlexTalk speech synthesis in Q5.5, Microsoft
Speech API, and Advanced Speech API.
* Contact: AT&T Advanced Speech Products Group
Suite 700, 44 East Mifflin Street, Madison, WI 53703, USA
Ph: 1-800-5-WATSON, Fax: 1-608-259-2269
Email: aspg@attmail.com
WWW: http://www.att.com/aspg/
BBN Hark Telephony Recognizer
* Platform: Available for Unix-based workstation and PC platforms
including IBM RS6000/AIX and Pentium/SCO Unix.
* Description: Large vocabulary (2,000+ words), speaker independent,
continuous ASR software. Specifically designed for large scale
telephony applications. Using a client/server architecture, all
features and capabilities are integrated in one software product
instead of on separate boards. Very memory efficient, the Hark
Telephony Recognizer runs in as little as 2MB of physical memory.
Multiple recognizers can be run on a single platform. Uses Hidden
Markov Model and phoneme-based BBN recognition algorithms. An API
is provided for integration with existing applications. A
developer's toolkit is available.
* Price and availability: Price varies depending on vocabulary size.
Version 3.0 available immediately.
* Misc: BBN Hark provides application design and human factors
consulting services. Regular monthly training classes on
developing speech-enabled applications are held at BBN Hark's
Cambridge (Mass) headquarters.
* WWW: For additional information see BBN Hark's home page.
* Contact: BBN Hark Systems
70 Fawcett Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Tel: 617-873-4636 Fax: 617-873-2473
WWW: http://www.bbn.com/bbn_hark/HarkHome.html
Berkeley Restaurant Project (BeRP)
* Description: BeRP is a test bed for a speech recognition system
being developed by the International Computer Science Institute in
Berkeley, CA. BeRP is a medium-vocabulary, speaker-independent
spontaneous continuous speech understanding system. BeRP functions
as a knowledge consultant whose domain is the restaurants in the
city of Berkeley. The system serves as a testbed for several
research projects, including robust feature extraction,
connectionist phonetic likelihood estimation, automatic induction
of multiple pronunciation lexicons, foreign accent detection and
modeling, advanced language models, and lip-reading.
* Note: As far as I know the BeRP software is in-house software -
that is, it is not made available for distribution.
* More information: http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/real/berp.html
Cambridge Voice for Windows
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Speaker-independent recognition of continuous speech
in real time. Vocabularies can range from small to very large
(more than 60,000 word forms). Support is planned for languages
including English, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian,
Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, and Japanese. The engine complies
with the Microsoft Speech API.
* Contact: Cambridge Group Research, Ltd.
Box 7290, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Ph: (708) 821-1040, Fax: (708) 821-1041
E-mail: 76061.3350@compuserve.com
CustomVoice and CustomTelephone: A&G Graphics Interface Inc.
* Platform: Windows
* CustomVoice: Speech recognition custom control for Visual Basic,
Visual C++, Borland C++, and other development platforms that
support *.VBX. Provides an engine/proprietary independent
development platform for speech recognition. Currently supports
ICSS, but should soon support other platforms. Includes a grammar
debugger and parser APIs to parse spoken speech into useful data
types.
Requirements: 486/DX or better PC, Windows 3.1 or Windows for
Workgroups, 8Mb RAM (minimum), SoundBlaster 16, microphone, and
mouse. Supports Visual Basic, Visual C++, Borland C++, and Delphi.
* CustomTelephone: Windows-based developers tool that allows
programmers to build speech enabled "telephony" applications via
standard custom control properties (VBX). It supports IBM
VoiceType Application Factory (VTAF), a continuous speech, speaker
independent speech recognizer, and supports voice response boards
such as Dialogic. Comes with a VB custom control, pre-built
grammar sets for common data types, an interactive grammar
debugger to identify valid speech patterns, and parser API
functions that convert recognized speech into data types supported
by VB, C++ and Delphi. Includes sample applications with source
code, and VBX, VCL and DLLs. Bundled with speech recognition
engines.
Requirements: 486/DX or better, Windows 3.1 or Windows for
Workgroups, 8Mb RAM (minimum), SoundBlaster or compatible sound
card, Dialogic D2X or D4X board, and mouse. Microphone and speaker
optional. Supports Visual Basic, Visual C++, Borland C++, and
Delphi.
* Contact: A&G Graphics Interface
51 Gore Street, Cambridge, MA 02141-1213 , USA
Ph: +1-617-492-0120, Fax: +1-617-427-2133
Email: customvc@world.std.com
CompuServe: 74774,273 CompuServe ( GO SPEECH )
WWW: http://www.customvoice.com/
DATAVOX - French
* Platform: PC / DOS
* Description: Continuous speech - speaker independent or dependent.
* Requirements: 2 PC format boards (RdF1000 and TdS 96/25) and an
A/D - D/A module (ASA116)
* Misc: Application software may dialog with DATAVOX through 2 types
of interfaces :
+ Keyboard overlay: The application software may be used with
any PC compatible package. No specific adaptation is
necessary, you only need to define your configuration with
the application software.
+ C library: Allows a user-written program to drive the
recognition system.
DATAVOX is based on the AMADEUS speech recognition software
developed at LIMSI. It provides
+ Continuous speech recognition with 500 words speaker
dependent, 50 words speaker independent (custom-made
vocabulary).
+ Grammar of the application language (syntax acquisition,
verification and simplification software).
+ Large vocabulary : DATAVOX can recognize vocabularies of
several thousand words as long as there are no more than 500
words in the active vocabulary at any given node. It takes
less than 1 second to change syntax and vocabulary.
+ Training controlled by the system (use of co-articulation
models).
+ Response time less than 500 ms for any phrase length.
+ Synthetis (ADPCM) can be heard simultaneously while
recognition is being carried out.
* Contact: VECSYS
Le Chene rond, 91570 Bievres, France
Voice: 33 1 69 41 15 04, Fax: 33 1 69 41 24 30
Digital Dreams Speech Recognition Plug-Ins
* Platform: Apple Macintosh
* Description (General): A suite of speech plug-ins for the
interactive multimedia market which enable developers to quickly
incorporate speech recognition into their titles without having to
resort to a low-level programming language, such as C. Speech
plug-ins bridge the gap between a speech recognition API, such as
Apple's PlainTalk Speech Recognition technology, and
authoring/development environments, such as Macromedia Director or
HyperCard. Digital Dreams currently offers Macintosh speech
plug-ins for Macromedia Director and HyperCard. Support for other
environments, including AppleScript, Apple Media Tool, Authorware,
and Windows is being developed. Currently available for North
American Adult English. More information is available on the
Digital Dreams WWW site.
* ShockTalk: is a combination of Netscape, ShockWave and Speech
Recognition technologies for the Power Macintosh and Quadra AVs
that enables you to navigate web sites and hyperlinks using spoken
commands as well as create shockwave movies that respond to spoken
user interactions.
* Requirements: Power Macintosh (PowerPC w/ MacOS)
Microphone (PlainTalk compatible)
PlainTalk Speech Synthesis and PlainTalk Speech Recognition
Netscape Navigator
* Contact: Digital Dreams
4308 Harbord Drive, Oakland, CA, 94618, USA
Tel: (510) 547-6929 Fax: (510) 547-6799
email: dreams@surftalk.com
WWW: http://www.surftalk.com/
FTP: ftp://ftp.surftalk.com/
DragonDictate for Windows
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Information moved to the page on Dragon Dictation
products including DragonDictate for Windows
Dragon Dictation Products
* Dragon NaturallySpeaking
* DragonDictate for Windows
* Dragon PowerSecretary
* General Information
Dragon NaturallySpeaking
* Platform: Windows
* Description: General purpose, continuous speech dictation system.
Personal Edition has a 30,000 word active vocabulary and comes
with a 200,000+ word pronunciation dictionary; users can also add
their own words or phrases.
More information on Dragon's NaturallySpeaking web site.
* Requirements: 133Mhz Pentium, 32 MB RAM (Windows 95) or 48 MB RAM
(Windows NT 4.0), supported sound card.
* Price: see Dragon's NaturallySpeaking web site.
* Related products: see general information below
* Contact: see general information below
DragonDictate for Windows
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Speech-to-text dictation system. Discrete dictation;
continuous command/control; speaker-adaptive. Also provides mouse
movement for hands-free operation of Windows. Comes with a 120,000
word pronunciation dictionary; users can also add their own words
or phrases. Dictate directly into any application. Available in US
and UK English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Swedish.
Add-on vocabularies for medicine, law, business and finance,
computers and technology, journalism.
Available as DragonDictate Singles Editions (10,000 words active),
DragonDictate Personal Edition (10,000 words active),
DragonDictate Classic Edition (30,000 words active), DragonDictate
Power Edition (60,000 words active).
Includes Office97 support.
More information on the Dragon Systems web site.
* Requirements: 486/66, 7-10 MB dedicated RAM (depending on
edition), Windows 3.1x, NT 3.51, or 95.
Supported sound boards: Creative Labs Sound Blaster 16, Microsoft
Windows Sound System, IBM M-Audio Capture/Playback Adapter, many
notebooks with built-in audio.
See Dragon Systems Compatibility list for details.
* Price: Check at the Dragon Systems web site.
* Related products: see general information below
* Contact: see general information below
Dragon PowerSecretary
* Platform: Apple Macintosh
* Description: Speaker dependent/adaptive system requiring words to
be separated by short pauses. Available as PowerSecretary Power
Edition, Personal Edition, PowerSecretary MED for Healthcare
Professionals.
Vocabulary: 30,000 - 60,000 at any one time, automatically
selected from 120,000-word dictionary.
* Requirements: Power Macintosh 6100, 7100, 8100, Performa 6100
series, Powerbook 540, 68040 class Macintosh such as Quadra 660AV,
700, 800, 840AV, 900, 950, Centris 650 and 660AV.
Hard Disk with at least 25Mb free.
System 7.5 or greater
(Some systems require add-on hardware)
* More information: PowerSecretary home page
* Related products: see general information below
* Contact: see general information below
General Information
Dragon Dictation Products
* Dragon NaturallySpeaking
* DragonDictate for Windows
* Dragon PowerSecretary
* General Information
Dragon Developer Products
* Dragon PhoneQuery
* DragonXTools
* Dragon SpeechTool
* Dragon VoiceTools
Related Web Sites
* Simon Crosby's FAQ for DragonDictate
Contact:
* Dragon Systems, Inc.
320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02160, USA
Tel: 1-617-965-5200 or 1-800-TALK-TYP
Fax: 1-617-527-0372
Email: info@dragonsys.com
WWW: http://www.dragonsys.com/
CompuServe: GO DRAGON
Dragon Developer Tools
* Dragon PhoneQuery
* DragonXTools
* Dragon SpeechTool
* Dragon VoiceTools
Dragon PhoneQuery
* Platform: Windows NT
* Description: Software for building voice response systems. Callers
are able to do the following: Ask for information using completely
natural and continuous language. Have a spoken dialog to fine tune
a request. Request information to be faxed, sent by electronic
mail, or read over the phone, using text-to-speech.
More information on the Dragon Systems telephony pages.
* Requirements: Pentium or Pentium Pro PC running Windows NT 4.0.
Telephone interconnect requirements vary by application.
* Related products: see general information below
* Contact: see general information below
DragonXTools
* Platform: Windows
* Description: VBX and OCX controls that allow an application to
control DragonDictate's capabilities, ranging from small
vocabulary command and control to customized large vocabulary
dictation. More information is available on the Dragon Developer
pages
* Related products: see general information below
* Contact: see general information below
Dragon SpeechTool
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Create small, optimized vocabularies for your
speech-enabled applications, or supplement DragonDictate's
extensive built-in vocabularies with specialized terms and names.
More information is available on the Dragon Developer pages
* Related products: see general information below
* Contact: see general information below
Dragon VoiceTools
* Platform: Windows, DOS
* Description: integrate small-vocabulary speech recognition
directly into your DOS and Windows 3.1x applications. More
information is available on the Dragon Developer pages
* Related products: see general information below
* Contact: see general information below
General Information
Dragon Dictation Products
* Dragon NaturallySpeaking
* DragonDictate for Windows
* Dragon PowerSecretary
* General Information
Dragon Developer Products
* Dragon PhoneQuery
* DragonXTools
* Dragon SpeechTool
* Dragon VoiceTools
Related Web Sites
* Simon Crosby's FAQ for DragonDictate
Contact:
* Dragon Systems, Inc.
320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02160, USA
Tel: 1-617-965-5200 or 1-800-TALK-TYP
Fax: 1-617-527-0372
Email: info@dragonsys.com
WWW: http://www.dragonsys.com/
CompuServe: GO DRAGON
EARS: Single Word Recognition Package
* Platform: Linux and Unixs with the Voxware sound driver
* Description: Intended as a limited ready-to-use single word
recognizer. However, its design aims at being a platform for
various kinds of methods used in speech recognition (SR). EARS is
designed to be a flexible environment for recognition system
components; for example, take this feature extractor and that
recognizing method, and this list of words. New methods for single
word recognition can be integrated easily, as EARS uses C++
abstract base classes. You speak the words you want to be
recognized later. Your utterances can be saved to RIFF WAV files
for inspection, change or delete them before they are further
processed to the pattern files on which the recognizer is finally
trained. As of version 0.20, the feature extractors are:
Rasta-PLP, PLP, LPC, Mel-Cepstrum. The implemented recognizers
are: DTW and non-recurrent neural nets on fixed-size sound
patterns.
* Requirements: Soundcard with mic
* Misc 1: The current version is an Alpha release.
* Misc 2: For more information subscribe to the EARS mailing list.
Send email to majordomo@phil.uni-sb.de with "subscribe ears-list"
in the body.
* Misc 3: Niels Thorwirth (thorwir@pi4.informatik.uni-mannheim.de)
has made changes to Version 0.14 which support the AF audio server
software (see Q1.11) and the OGI Speech Tools (see Q1.9) so that
EARS is more portable to other UNIX platforms. Available by email
to Niels.
* Requirements: Soundcard with mic
* Availability: Source and Linux binaries are available by anonymous
ftp
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/ears-0.26.
tar.gz
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/speech/ears-0.26.tar.gz
* Contact: Ralf W. Stephan: ralf@ark.franken.de
Ficomp Interpreter 6000
* Platform: DOS, Windows 3.1, Win95, Win NT, UNIX
* Description: Ficomp Systems, inc., is a systems integrator that
has developed commercial speaker-dependent, continuous-speech
recognition applications for use in high noise environments on
several platforms. Applications are specialized in the finance
industry for exchange floors, banks and brokerage firms.
* Contact: Ficomp Systems, Inc.
Ph: (732) 274-2600, Fax: (732) 274-2601
117 Docks Corner Road, Dayton, NJ 08810
E-Mail: fsisales1@aol.com
WWW: http://www.ficompsystems.com/
HM2007 - Speech Recognition Chip
* Platform: Intergrated circuit.
* Description: HM2007 is a 48-pin single chip CMOS voice recognition
LSI circuit with on-chip analog front end, voice analysis,
recognition process and system control functions. A 40 word
isolated-word voice recognition system can be composed of an
external microphone, keyboard, SRAM and a few other components.
When combined with a microprocessor, an intelligent recognition
system can be built. A demo board for this chip is being
distributed by The Summa Group.
* Cost: Approx US$16 for the HM2007 and US$160 for the demo board.
* Misc: Jean-Pierre Lereboullet's document on Voice Recognition
Processors provides additional information on the HM2007.
* Producer: HUALON Microelectronic Corp. USA
Tel: (415) 288 0390 Fax: (415) 288-0399
* Distributor 1: Marywale Engineering Company
Tel: (602) 247 4451 Fax: (602) 247 6167
Email: meco@indirect.com
* Distributor 2: The Summa Group Limited
One California Street, Suite #1940,
San Francisco, CA 94111
Ph: (415) 288-0390
* Distributor 3: Images Company
39 Seneca Loop, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
Ph: +1-718-698-8305, Fax: +1-718-982-6145
Sells single piece quanities of HM2007 48Pin Dip Chip and HM2007
52 Pin PLCC style chip. Sells HM2007 Demo Kits unassembled $100.00
and assembled $135.00 (using 48 Pin dip chip)
Entropic's HTK (HMM Toolkit)
* Platform: Range of Unix platforms.
* Description: HTK is a software toolkit for building continuous
density HMM based speech recognisers. It consists of a number of
library modules and a number of tools. Functions include speech
analysis, training tools, recognition tools, results analysis, and
an interactive tool for speech labelling. Many standard forms of
continuous density HMM are possible. Can perform isolated word or
connected word speech recognition. It van model whole words, sub-
word units. Can perform speaker verification and other pattern
recognition work using HMMs. HTK is now integerated with the
ESPS/Waves speech research environment which is described in
Section 1.9.
* Misc 1: The availability of HTK changed in early 1993 when
Entropic obtained exclusive marketing rights to HTK from the
developers at Cambridge.
* Misc 2: More detailed information on HTK is available from the
Entropic WW server: http://www.entropic.com/htk.html
* Cost: On request.
* Contact:
Entropic Research Laboratory,
600 Pennsylvania Ave, S.E. Suite 202,
Washington, D.C. 20003, USA
Phone: (202) 547-1420.
email - info@entropic.com
WWW: http://www.entropic.com/
IBM VoiceType Dictation
* Platform: OS/2 and Windows
* Description: IBM VoiceType Dictation supports speech input at
70-100 words a minute and can be used to control your desktop and
applications. Isolated-word, speaker-dependent system using a
speech adapter card. Available for U.S. English, U.K. English,
French, German, Italian, Spanish and Arabic. Provided with a
general office vocabulary and support for major OS/2 and Windows
applications. Additional specialised vocabularies are available:
+ US: Legal, Emergency Medicine, Radiology and Journalism
+ UK: Legal
+ IT: Radiology
* Requirements: See
http://www.software.ibm.com/workgroup/voicetyp/vtprod13.html
* Cost: See
http://www.software.ibm.com/workgroup/voicetyp/vtordna.html
* Misc: An IBM VoiceType Dictation FAQ is supported by UltraMedia
Systems International (a distributor of IBM VoiceType):
http://www.infi.net/~ums/ibmfaq.htm
* Demo software: Available on the IBM WWW site:
http://www.software.ibm.com/workgroup/voicetyp/vtcust1.html
* Contact: US Ph: 1-800-TALK-2-ME or 1-914-766-1900.
Email: talk2me@vnet.ibm.com
WWW: http://www.software.ibm.com/workgroup/voicetyp/vtcust1.html
IBM VoiceType Control (US Only)
* Platform: OS/2 and Windows
* Description: VoiceType Control is a speech recognition navigator
that lets you control programs by speaking. VoiceType Control
converts voice commands to keystroke macros. The program provides
speaker independent, continuous speech recognition, so you do not
have to train the program for your specific speech patterns.
* Requirements: ?
* Cost: ?
* Demo software:
http://www.software.ibm.com/workgroup/voicetyp/vtcust2.html
* Contact: US Ph: 1-800-TALK-2-ME or 1-914-766-1900.
Email: talk2me@vnet.ibm.com
WWW: http://www.software.ibm.com/workgroup/voicetyp/vtcust2.html
IN CUBE
* Platform: Three versions for Windows 95, Windows NT and Sun
SPARCstations
* IN CUBE for Windows 95: Developed for general purpose Windows 95
users. It is packaged for online distribution with a full working
demo and an option to register and unlock the full product. The
system uses Command Corp's Mark II continuous speech recognition
engine and handles changable lexicons of up to 75 commands.
+ Price: $49.95 US
+ Requirements: 386/25MHz processor or better, Microsoft
Windows 3.1 or later, Windows compatible sound card or
built-in audio, and microphone.
+ Availability: http://www.commandcorp.com/cci/win95.html
Demo mode available.
* IN CUBE Mark II Pro for Windows NT: IN CUBE is a continuous
realtime speech recognition system developed to provide a fast and
convenient means of window navigation and voice macro command
input for command intensive applications like CAD and publishing.
Speaker-dependent training and ability to add new commands and
macros.
+ Price: $495 including the PRO 8 microphone. $540 including
the MT 858 desk microphone.
+ Requirements: Windows NT, Windows NT-compatible audio board
(16-bit audio recommended).
+ Availability: http://www.commandcorp.com/cci/pront.html
Demo available.
* IN CUBE Voice Command for Sun SPARCstations: Provides continuous
realtime speech recognition system for window navigation and voice
macro command input to the workstation. Speaker-dependent training
and ability to add new commands and macros.
An IN CUBE Application Programming Interface is available with a
library of linkable object modules is available for developers.
+ Price: $495 per seat. The developer's API sells for $695.
+ Requirements: SUN OS 4.1.x or Solaris 2.x with OpenWindows
and Motif. Works with all audio-equipped SPARCs and clones.
Models range from SPARCStation 1s to SPARCStation 20s.
+ Availability: http://www.commandcorp.com/cci/in3sparc.html
A free 5 day evaluation license is available.
* Contact: Command Corp. Inc.,
3761 Venture Drive, PO Box 956099, Duluth, Georgia, 30136, USA
Ph: +1-770-813-8030
Email: in3@commandcorp.com
WWW: http://www.commandcorp.com/incube_welcome.html
Jialong He's Speech Recognition Research Tool
* Platform: SUN SPARC (SunOS), PC (MSDOS)
* Description: This is a speech recognition research tool. it
contains a feature extraction program and three speech
recognizers: a DTW recognizer, discrete didden Markov model (DHMM)
based recognizer and Continuous density hidden Markov mode (CHMM)
with Gaussian mixture functions based recognizer. The utilities
are grouped as:
+ feature -- extract featue vectors from a speech signal (MFCC
etc.)
+ dtwcmp -- dynamic time-wapping (DTW) comparision.
+ gensym -- turn vector sequences to discrete observation
symbols.
dhmm -- discrete HMM training program.
dtest -- DHMM companion test program.
+ chmm -- continuous density HMM training program.
viterbi -- CHMM companion test program.
Note, this is a research tool not a complete speech recognition
system.
* Availability: By anonymous ftp:
MSDOS Version
UK:
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/s
pchtool.zip
Germany:
ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-ulm.de/pub/NI/jialong/
ip
Sun SPARC version, compiled with GNU C
UK:
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/s
pch_sun_v1.tar.gz
Germany:
ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-ulm.de/pub/NI/jialong/
_v1.tar.gz
* See also: Jialong He's Speaker Recognition (Identification) Tool
* Contact: Jialong He
email: jialong@neuro.informatik.uni-ulm.de
Kurzweil Voice for Windows
* Platform: Windows 3.1 or later
* Description: Kurzweil Voice for Windows is a dictation product
enabling the user to create text and enter data by speaking to
Windows-based applications. System is adaptive but requires no
initial training. Users can choose either 30,000 or 60,000 word
active vocabulary. Application command translation templates for
popular Windows application such as WordPerfect, 1-2-3, Organizer,
Word (30+ applications are listed on the Kuzweil WWW pages). More
detailed information is available on the Kurzweil WWW pages.
* Requirements: 486DX/33 or higher, 8 or 16 MB dedicated memory
(depends on vocabulary, 30 MBs dedicated disk space, VGA or
higher, Kurzweil-supplied microphone and DSP board.
* Contact:
Kurzweil Applied Intelligence, Inc.
411 Waverley Oaks Road, Waltham, MA 02154 USA
Phone: 1-800-380-1234
Email: info@kurzweil.com
WWW: http://www.kurzweil.com/
Kurzweil Clinical Reporter
* Platform: Windows 3.1 or later
* Description: Kurzweil Clinical Reporter is a voice-activated
clinical reporting system for computer-based patient records. The
family of products includes:
+ VoiceEM for emergency medicine
+ VoiceEM/TR for triage reporting
+ VoiceRAD for diagnostic imaging and radiology
+ VoicePATH for surgical and anatomical pathology
+ VoiceMED for Primary Care for family medicine, internal
medicine and pediatrics
+ VoiceORTHO for office-based orthopaedic surgery
+ VoiceCATH for invasive cardiology
+ VoiceReport for general reporting
* More information: from the Kurzweil WWW pages:
http://www.kurzweil.com/medical/
* Contact:
Kurzweil Applied Intelligence, Inc.
411 Waverley Oaks Road, Waltham, MA 02154 USA
Phone: 1-800-380-1234
Email: info@kurzweil.com
WWW: http://www.kurzweil.com/
Lernout & Hauspie ASR 1000/T and 1000/M
[Note: L&H asr200/A is described below.]
* L&H asr1000/T: ASR for the Telephony and Telecommunications Market
* L&H asr1000/M: TTS for the Computer and Multimedia Market
* Description: Automatic speech recognition software providing
continuous speech recognition, isolated word recognition, keyword
spotting or continuous digits recognition. The engine is speaker
independent, and phoneme-based with optimization for commonly used
words. General features include:
+ Languages available: US English, German, French, Spanish
(Castilian), Dutch.
+ Available vocabulary: >100,000 words.
+ Line adaptation.
+ Rejection of out of vocabulary/grammar words.
+ N-best alternatives for isolated word recognition and keyword
spotting.
+ Push to talk.
* asr1000/T
+ Single channel platform examples: Motorola 56156, TI
TMS320C2X/C3X/C5X
+ Multi-channel platform examples: TI TMS320C3X/C5X, AT&T
DSP32C/3210, Motorola 96000
+ Input: 8 kHz telephone sampling
* asr1000/M
+ Single processor platform examples: Intel 486/Pentium
+ Input: 8 kHz telephone or 11 kHz microphone sampling
* See also: L&H ASR SDK for Windows
* More Information: on the Lernout & Hauspie WWW pages:
http://www.lhs.com/asr.html
* Cost: Unknown
* Contact: Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products
800 West Cummings Park, Suite 3100
Woburn, MA 01801, USA
Tel: (617) 238 0960
Fax: (617) 238 0986
Email: sales@lhs.com
WWW: http://www.lhs.com/
Lernout & Hauspie ASR 200/A for the Automotive and Industrial Market
* Description: Automatic speech recognition software providing
isolated word recognition, keyword spotting and alphabet
recognition (optional). This engine is robust, speaker independent
and word based. Other features:
+ Vocabulary: 100 words US English
+ Voice activation detection
+ Response time
+ Platform examples: Analog Devices ADSP2101/5
+ Input: 8 kHz telephone or microphone sampling
* See also: L&H ASR SDK for Windows
* More Information: on the Lernout & Hauspie WWW pages:
http://www.lhs.com/asr.html
* Cost: Unknown
* Contact: Lernout and Hauspie Speech Products
20 Mall Road, 4th Floor
Burlington, MA 01803, USA
Ph: +1-617-238-0960, Fax: +1-617-238-0986
Email: sales@lhs.com
WWW: http://www.lhs.com/
Lernout & Hauspie ASR SDK
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Windows based Software Development Kits are available
for integrating automatic speech recognition technology with
Windows based PC applications.
* Requirements: IBM-compatible 486 DX/33 MHz + 8 MB RAM + MS DOS 5.0
+ MS Windows 3.1 (or higher) + Sound Blaster compatible sound
board.
* See also: L&H ASR Products
* More Information: on the Lernout & Hauspie WWW pages:
http://www.lhs.com/asr.html
* Contact: Lernout and Hauspie Speech Products
20 Mall Road, 4th Floor
Burlington, MA 01803, USA
Ph: +1-617-238-0960, Fax: +1-617-238-0986
Email: sales@lhs.com
WWW: http://www.lhs.com/
Listen for Windows 2.0 from Verbex Voice Systems
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Listen for Windows Version 2.0 is a Speaker
Independent software product that provides continuous speech
recognition for Windows applications. The product works with most
industry standard sound cards and PCs with inbedded audio chips.
Listen for Windows comes with over 16,000 commands in speech
interfaces for over 40 software applications, such as MS Office,
Lotus SmartSuite,Quicken, etc. The Listen Command Editor allows a
user to change or add commands to existing speech interfaces or
create new speech interfaces for most Windows applications.
More detailed information is available on the Verbex Listen for
Windows page.
Verbex also sells Verbal Advantage Voice Browser for controlling a
web browser, Verbal Advantage DeskTop for controlling desktop
applications.
* Requirements: 486/25SX PC or higher
* Pricing and Availbility: See the Verbex ordering page for pricing.
Verbex products are available over the web or can be shipped.
Microphones available from Verbex.
* Demo: A "Freeware" demo is available from the Verbex WWW site demo
page.
* Contact: Verbex Voice Systems
1090 King Georges Post Rd., Bldg 107, Edison NJ 08837, USA
Ph: 1-800-ASK-VRBX, (908) 225-5225, Fax:(908) 225-7764
WWW: http://www.verbex.com/
Lotec Speech Recognition Package
* Platform: Sun
* Description: Public domain speech recognition software. Operates
from input in Sun audio format (.au files) and outputs word
hypotheses and time labelling data. The software includes programs
to collect speech samples, a labeller, a "featurizer" which
parameterises speech files, a word spotter and the recogniser. The
software can real time recognition on a Sparc 10 for small
vocabularies.
* Requirements: Sun SPARC audio input and a "decent" microphone Sun
multimedia demo software (in /usr/demo/SOUND) and X.
* Availability: By anonymous ftp
ftp://ftp.sanpo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/pub/nigel/lotec/
* Contact: Nigel Ward: _nigel@sanpo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp _
Macintosh Speech Recognition Manager
* Platform: Macintosh
* Description: supports developers who wish to add speech
recognition to existing Macintosh applications. Provides speaker
independent recognition and robustness to noise. Apple's Speech
home page provides developer information and the complete speech
recognition and synthesis synthesis SDKs. The recognition SDK
includes samples code, control panels, interfaces, documentation
and the recognizer.
* Availability: under licensing conditions from the Macintosh Speech
Developer's page
http://www.speech.apple.com/speech/dev/dev.html.
* Requirements: Power Macintosh with 16-bit sound, System 7.5, and a
PlainTalk Microphone or equivalent
* Cost: Free
* See also: Macintosh Plaintalk and Speech Manager (Q5.5).
* Note: Check out Kevin Lenzo's list of Macintosh Speech
Applications.
* Contact: Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA
WWW: http://www.speech.apple.com/
Email: PlainTalk@atg.apple.com
Microsoft Speech Recognition
Microsoft Dictation Research Demonstration
* Platform: Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0
* Description: A free demonstration of research technology that
enables a computer to transcribe what you speak into Windows
applications such as email and word-processors. Features of the
demo software include:
+ 60,000 word vocabulary with the ability to add new words
+ High recognition accuracy
+ Works with any Windows 5application
+ "Dictation Pad" provides enhanced dictation features
+ "IntelliSense" converts spoken numbers and times
automatically
+ Compatible with the Microsoft Speech API
* Requirements: Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0, Pentium 90 or better
(RISC builds are available), 16 megabytes of RAM on Windows 95,
Sound card with 16 kHz 16 bit input signals, High quality
close-talk microphone, Speakers.
* Availability: Free demo software is available at:
http://www.research.microsoft.com/research/srg/install.htm
* More information: http://www.research.microsoft.com/research/srg/
Microsoft Command and Control Engine
* Platform: Windows 95
* Description: Provides command and control speech recognition using
SAPI (the Microsoft Speech API) and "Whisper", Microsoft's speech
recognition technology. Features include:
+ Speaker independent, continuous, sub-word modeling, context
free grammars
+ Has its own letter-to-sound rules means it can recognize any
words in a grammar.
+ North American English
+ PC microphone and telephone speech recognition with high
performance
+ Word spotting option
+ Results objects containing top-N choices, segmentation, and
confidence
+ Written to SAPI, the Microsoft Speech API.
* Requirements: Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0, Pentium 60 or better.
(RISC builds are available), 1.5 megabyte working set, 16 kHz or 8
kHz input signals, 6 megabytes on disk, Requires Microsoft Speech
SDK to use.
* Availability: Free demo software is available at:
http://www.research.microsoft.com/research/srg/install.htm
* More information: http://www.research.microsoft.com/research/srg/
Myers' Hidden Markov Model software
* Platform: Unix
* Description: Hidden Markov model software for automatic speech
recognition. C++ code that implements a basic left-right hidden
Markov model and corresponding Baum-Welch (ML) training algorithm.
It is meant as an example of the HMM algorithms described by
L.Rabiner and others. The code was built in order to learn how HMM
systems work and we are now offering it to the net so that others
can learn how to use HMMs for speech recognition. Keep in mind
that ease of understanding was our primary concern, not
efficiency. The code can be used to build an experimental speech
recognition systems using "train_hmm" and "test_hmm", and can be
used in conjunction with written tutorials on HMMs to understand
how they work.
* Availability: By anonymous ftp from the comp.speech archive site.
There are two files in the directory
+ ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/
The files are
+ hmm.README
+ hmm-1.03.tar.gz
* Contact: Richard Myers: rmyers@isx.edu
NCC Dictate
* Platform: Windows
* Description: NCC Digital DictateTM is an add-on, enhanced
interface for use with IBM's VoiceType(TM) Dictation for Windows
and various Windows 3.1 applications (e.g. MS Word, WordPerfect).
Digital DictateTM provides faster corrections and dictation rates
and various other features. This version is not a stand alone
product; it requires VoiceTypeTM Dictation to provide the speech
recognition engine and the Windows application. Features include:
+ Direct dictation into Windows applications with access to all
functions while dictating.
+ Versions for MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, and other Windows
applications.
+ Speech enabled editing.
+ Capability to save speaker models and defer corrections.
+ Microphone "pause and restore" functions controlled with
speech commands.
+ Add-on vocabularies for legal, medical, science and business.
+ SWITCH-ITTM foot pedal control or CardSwitchTM infrared
wireless control available which switch between dictation and
proofing/correction modes.
* Requirements: IBM's VoiceTypeTM Dictation for Windows; a computer
system meeting VoiceTypeTM Dictation for Windows requirements;
VoiceTypeTM Dictation Adapter.
* Availability: Through computer dealerships.
* Price: $US295
* Contact: NCC Incorporated
5808 E. Turquoise, Scottsdale, AZ 85253
Ph: (602) 922-6236 Fax: (602) 596-9050
NICO Artificial Neural Network Toolkit
* Platform: UNIX (ANSI C source code)
* Description: The NICO Toolkit is an artificial neural network
toolkit specifically designed and optimized for automatic speech
recognition applications. Networks with both recurrent connections
and time-delay windows are easily constructed. The network
topology is flexible -- any number of layers is allowed and layers
can be arbitrarily connected. Tools for extracting input-features
from the speech signal are included as well as tools for computing
target values from standard phonetic label-files.
* Availability: Through the NICO homepage
(http://www.speech.kth.se/NICO/index.html)
or the download page.
* Contact: Nikko Strom, nikko@speech.kth.se
Nuance Speech Recognition System
* Platform: UNIX-based workstations including Sun and SGI.
* Description: The Nuance Recognizer features client-server
architecture with multiple recognizers available on a single
processing platform. Primarily developed for telephony-based
applications, the system accepts speaker-independent, continuous
speech and supports very large vocabularies. Included is a
"template matching" natural language capability for identifying
the meaning of speech. A toolkit is available for use in
developing a wide variety of speech recognition applications.
* Price and availability: Contact Nuance
* Contact: Nuance Communications
1380 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Ph: +1-650-847-0000, Fax: +1-650-847-7979
WWW: http://www.nuance.com/
OKI VRP6679 - Voice Recognition Processor
* Platform: Intergrated circuit.
* Description: Speech recognition IC. 25 words max. Speaker
independent recognition capability. Recognition rate quoted as 97%
in a noisy environment (e.g. a car).
* Misc: Alias MSM6679
* Misc 2: More information is provided in Jean-Pierre Lereboullet's
document on Voice Recognition Processors.
* Cost: Approx US$20. Demo board $876
* Availability: OKI Semiconductor and OKI Distributors
Corporate Headquarters
785 North Mary Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086 2909
Tel: (408) 720 1900, Fax: (408) 720 1918
Phonetic Engine 500 (PE500) from Speech Systems, Inc.
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Speaker independent, 40,000 word vocabulary,
continuous speech recognition for MS Windows. Grammars with high
perplexity possible. Includes noise rejection. Uses proprietary
DSP board.
* Cost: Prices in US$ - quantity one. The PE500 SDK is $995.00
including board, microphone, and runtime software. Runtime only is
$595.00. SpeechWizard(r) adds speech input to existing Windows
applications, $295.00. Two-day training: $295.00 with purchase,
$595.00 without.
* Misc: The user defines the grammar of allowed utterances and must
write software to invoke the board driver functions that control
recognition. The user must also write software to
collect/parse/interpret the ASCII text strings returned when
recognition succeeds.
* Misc 2: SSI now offers speech application development services.
* Contact:
Speech Systems, Inc.
2945 Center Green Court South
Boulder, CO 80301-2275, USA
Tel: 303.938.1110 Fax: 303.938.1874
http://www.speechsys.com
Philips Speech Recognition (2 products)
SpeechMagic: Dictation
* Platform: Windows 3.1 and higher
* Description: A continuous speech recognizer providing a 64,000
word vocabulary, speaker adaptation and multiple languages.
SpeechMagic is currently available for English and German.
SpeechMagic acts as a server application, processing speech input
and providing text output. Uses an add-on ISA compatible
recognition accelerator board. SpeechMagic provided a correction
editor, editing and playback of recordings, and a vocabulary
manager for entering new words, abbreviations, macros and special
transcriptions (e.g. for foreign words). Windows DDE support and a
native API are provided for integration.
* Hardware Requirements: IBM compatible personal computer (486DX/ 66
MHz or higher), minimum 16 MB of RAM, hard disk capacity > 500 MB,
and a Philips LFH 6210 Accelerator Board.
* More Information: For more information visit the SpeechMagic WWW
page or the Philips Speech home page.
Speech Processing System 6000s (Europe only)
* Description: Dictation of medical findings using continuous speech
recognition. Designed for German speaking radiologists and
encompasses the complete radiology vocabulary. The authors use
dictation stations (PCs) which are fitted with microphones. The
transcriptionists use editing stations (also PCs) which are
additionally fitted with headphones and footswitches. The SP6000s
has a single speech recognition unit serving all users, and it
offers automatic data transfer as well as the advantages of
digital dictation functions. For more information visit the
Philips SP6000s WWW page.
* More Information: For more information visit the Philips SP6000s
WWW page or the Philips Speech home page.
Dragon PowerSecretary
* Platform: Apple
* Description: Information moved to the page on Dragon Dictation
products including Dragon PowerSecretary
(Previously Articulate PowerSecretary.)
ProNotes Voice Tools
* Platform: Windows
* Description: ProNotes Voice Tools are designed to bring the speech
recognition capabilities of the IBM VoiceTypeTM Dictation System
for Windows into any program without the need for the programmer
to directly interface with the speech engine at the API level.
There are five tools, as described below, which are all available
in three forms: Visual Basic(TM) Custom Controls (known as VBXs),
16-bit OLE Custom Controls, and 32-bit OLE Custom Controls. The
tools are intended for use by Windows(TM) developers working with
Windows 3.1(TM), Windows for Workgroups 3.11(TM), Windows NT 3.51
Workstation(TM), and Windows 95(TM). The custom controls can be
utilized with any application development environment which
supports the use of such controls (e.g. Visual Basic and Visual
C++).
Playback and Record
An object which allows developers to use the IBM Speech
Engine to record and play back sound files. Can be used
to add voice prompts and to allow end users to record and
playback sound files.
Voice Button
An object having standard button properties and behavior,
which can additionally be controlled by voice. The button
can also be used as a label or a 3D panel.
Dictation Window
A text box that allows free dictation, voice macro
utilization, and correction by voice. Each Dictation
Window has access to global and context sensitive
vocabularies for both command and dictation. There are
three correction modes.
Voice List Box
Has standard list box properties and behavior, but can
additionally be controlled by voice. A user can select
items by pronouncing the entry's text or the entries can
be numbered and selected accordingly.
Voice Navigator
Provides navigation by voice within an application
developed with the Voice Tools, between voice-enabled
objects described above, as well as some standard objects
found within the application.
* Requirements: Hardware: 80486/33 DX or higher, 60MB hard disk
space for IBM VoiceType Dictation software, 10MB hard disk space
for ProNotes Voice Tools, 3.5" floppy, VGA (or compatible), 16MB
RAM, IBM VoiceType Dictation adapter, microphone, and speakers.
Software: DOS version 6.0 or later, with SHARE.EXE running,
Windows 3.1 or later, IBM VoiceType Dictation software, any
programming environment or system compatible with Visual Basic or
OLE Custom Controls.
* Price: Unknown
* Contact: Pronotes, Inc.
1546 Magee Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19149, USA
Ph: 800-70-NOTES or +1-215-533-8569, Fax: +1-215-533-1276
Email: proinfo@pronotes.com
WWW: http://www.pronotes.com/
PureSpeech 2.0 Recognition Engine
* Platform: Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Unix, Dialogic Antares DSP
* Description: Speaker-independent, continuous speech, large active
vocabulary speech recognition engine for American English, UK
English, French, German and Spanish. Permits on-the-fly additions
to the vocabulary using phonetic models and telephone or wideband
microphone input. Flexible grammar, natural language processing,
discourse models. Software only with a small RAM/CPU footprint.
Can be used as a voice user interfaces (VUI's) for PC software
applications. Can also be used for high-volume call center
telephony, especially in banks, finance and other specialized
applications.
A toolkit for the Dialogic Antares is available.
* Availability: PureSpeech is not available as a stand-alone
product. It is available embedded in Windows-based software or as
a toolkit.
* Contact: PureSpeech, Inc
100 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
Ph: (617) 441-0000 Fax: (617) 441-0001
Email: amy@speech.com
WWW: http://www.speech.com/
recnet
* Platform: UNIX
* Description: Speech recognition for the speaker independent TIMIT
and Resource Management tasks. It uses recurrent networks to
estimate phone probabilities and Markov models to find the most
probable sequence of phones or words. The system is a snapshot of
evolving research code. There is no documentation other than
published research papers. The components are:
+ A preprocessor which implements many standard and many non-
standard front end processing techniques.
+ A recurrent net recogniser and parameter files
+ Two Markov model based recognisers, one for phone recognition
and one for word recognition
+ A dynamic programming scoring package. The complete system
performs competatively.
* Cost: Free
* Requirements: TIMIT and Resource Management databases
* Contact: Tony Robinson: _ajr@eng.cam.ac.uk_
* Availability: by anonymous ftp
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/r
ecnet-1.3.tar.Z
Sensory Inc. Integrated Circuits
* Platform: Integrated circuits
* Description: Sensory's low cost high quality Interactive Speech
line of speech recognition IC's are designed for consumer
telephony products, portable consumer electronics, and other
consumer applications. Technologies available include speech
recognition (speaker-independent and speaker-dependent), speaker
verification, speech/music synthesis, digital record/playback, and
general product control on one chip. Development tools and
demonstration units are available. Detailed product information on
the Interactive Speech chips is available from the Sensory
Circuits WWW site.
* Contact: Sensory, Inc.
521 E. Weddell Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Ph: +1-408-744-9000, Fax: +1-408-744-1299
Email: Sales@SensoryInc.com
WWW: http://www.sensoryinc.com/
Simon Says (NeXT)
* Platform: NeXT
* Description: Provides the ability to link commands to spoken
phrases.
* Availability:By anonymous ftp.
Simon Says demo
ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/pub/comp/platforms/next/
/audio-apps/SimonSaysDemo.1.5.1.N.b.tar.gz
Readme file
ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/pub/comp/platforms/next/
/audio-apps/SimonSaysDemo.1.5.1.README
* Contact: Metrosoft
710 13th Street, Suite 310 X, San Diego, California 92101
Ph: 619.488.9411 Fax: 619.488.3045
Email: info@metrosoft.com [NeXTmail welcome]
smARTspeak from Advanced Recognition Technologies, Inc.
* Platform: Windows, Windows 95, DOS, and General Magic
It also works on the following Processors/Microcontollers: Intel's
80 x 86, Intel's 8031, 8051, Motorola's 68000, and Hitachi's SH1,
SH3, SH8.
* Description: smARTspeak is suited to voice command and control
applications, such as voice dialing in cellular and desktop
telephones, or voice command operation in computers and multimedia
products. It uses a compact (10KB size on 16 bit machines), fast,
user dependent recognition engine.
smARTspeak can recognize any language in any accent.
ART recently completed a Software Developer Kit (SDK) for
smARTspeak, running under Windows 3.1 or higher which allows the
voice recognition engine to be used within Windows Applications.
More detailed information on smARTspeak and the SDK is available
on the ART WWW pages.
* Availability: Currently liscensed to other equipment manufacturers
(OEMs), system integraters, software, and application developers,
and value added resellers (VARs) who port are technology into
their product.
* Contact: Advanced Recognition Technologies, Inc.
International Office:
43 Brodezky Street, POB 39918, 61398 Tel Aviv, lsrael
Ph: 972-3-642-7242, Fax: 972-3-642-5887
Email: 100274.3223@Compuserve.com
WWW: http://www.artcomp.com/
US Office:
9574 Topanga Canyon Blvd. Chatsworth, CA 91311, USA
Ph: 818-678-3999, Fax: 8181-678-3994
WWW: http://www.artcomp.com/
Speech Commander - Verbex Voice Systems
* Platform: Various: external hardware with serial port connection
* Description: A hand-held (portable) device about the size of a
paperback book which provides speaker-dependent continuous speech
recognition. The active vocabulary is dependent on the model
chosen and can vary from 300 to 10,000 active words. The device
connects through a serial port, so it can be connected to a wide
range of computers. It comes with a battery pack.
* Contact: Verbex Voice Systems
1090 King Georges Post Rd., Bldg 107,
Edison NJ 08837, USA
Ph: (908) 225-5225, Fax: (908) 225-7764
Email: sales@listen.verbex.com
WWW: http://www.verbex.com/
'Speech Recognition Expert' Toolkit for Windows
* Description: Provides an object-oriented development tool designed
to rapidly build speech enabled applications without writting
source code. Currently supports IBM's VoiceType Application
Factory. Future versions to support other platforms. Includes
BlackBox library and Custom Grammar Tools.
* Requirements: Layout for Windows from Objects, Inc.
* Price: $US349 + Shipping/Handling
* Contact: Speech Technologies, Inc.
P.O. Box 3905
Naperville, IL 60567-3905
CompuServe @102147,3521
Ph: (708)983-7634
Visual Voice from Stylus Innovation
* Platform: Microsoft Windows
* Description: Visual Voice is a toolkit for building Windows-based
voice processing and telephony applications including interactive
voice response (e.g. touch-tone banking), fax-on-demand, and voice
mail. Visual Voice can be used to add voice recognition to your
telephony applications.
Voice Recognition (VR) Support for Visual Voice is exposed as a
standard VBX control and provides one or more voice recognition
"resources" to your application. Applications can dynamically
assign resources across several voice lines. Voice recognition is
either "discrete" or "continuous". Discrete recognition is
slightly more accurate and requires the speaker to pause briefly
between words. Continuous recognition provides a natural way to
enter information by speaking without pauses. Three configurations
are supported:
Software-Only Solution
The software only solution uses Telaccount's SpeechEasy
technology for discrete recognition using your PC's CPU.
A vocabulary is included with digits, basic command words
and more.
Hardware-Assisted Solution with Dialogic AEB boards
Discrete voice recognition in over 25 languages using
Dialogic D/41D voice boards and the Dialogic VR/40 board.
Vocabularies are included with digits, basic command
words, voice mail vocabulary and more.
Hardware-Assisted Solution with Dialogic PEB boards.
Use the VR control with any Dialogic PEB-based voice
board, such as the D/12x or D/24x, to access voice
recognition resources from your phone lines. This
requires a Dialogic VRP board with either 1 to 4 VRM/40
modules (4 channel discrete voice recognition modules)
and/or 1 to 4 VRM/2C modules (2 channel continuous voice
recognition modules). You can have up to 4 modules on
each VRP: 4 VRM/40s for 16 channels of discrete voice
recognition; 4 VRM/2Cs for 8 channels of continuous
recognition; or a combination. Over 25 languages
supported. Includes vocabularies as described above.
* Pricing: Unknown
* Availability: From Stylus Innovations Inc. or from the
distributors listed on the Stylus WWW pages.
* Misc: More detailed technical information, slide show
demonstration software is available on the Stylus home page.
* Contact: Stylus Innovation Inc.
One Kendall Square, Building 300, Cambridge, MA 02139
Ph: (617) 621 9545, Fax: (617) 621 7862
WWW: http://www.stylus.com/
Compuserve forum: GO STYLUS
Email: info@stylus.com
Voice Command Line Interface
* Platform: Amiga
* Description: VCLI will execute CLI commands, ARexx commands, or
ARexx scripts by voice command through your audio digitizer. VCLI
allows you to launch multiple applications or control any program
with an ARexx capability entirely by spoken voice command. VCLI is
fully multitasking and will run in the background, continuously
listening for your voice commands even while other programs are
running. Documentation is provided in AmigaGuide format. VCLI 6.0
runs under either Amiga DOS 2.0 or 3.0.
* Requirements: Supports the DSS8, PerfectSound 3, Sound Master,
Sound Magic, and Generic audio digitizers.
* Availability: by ftp from wuarchive.wustl.edu in the file
systems/amiga/incoming/audio/VCLI60.lha and from
amiga.physik.unizh.ch as the file pub/aminet/util/misc/VCLI60.lha
* Contact: Author's email is RHorne@cup.portal.com
Voice Control Systems Continuous Speech Recognition
* Description: Voice Control Systems (VCS) continuous speech
recognition is a proprietary phonetic recognizer based on
technology developed at VCS over the last 17 years. It is robust
for applications such as the "hands-free" automotive environment
or telephone networks, both wireless and wireline. VCS speech
recognition is used by many developers and manufacturers in
telecommunications. VCS technology is a software-based capability
which VCS has currently developed for a limited number of
processing environments. VCS offers "off-the-shelf" capabilities
for the TI-C3X and C4X DSPs with other hardware platform support
planned for the future. As a benchmark, today's VCS continuous
technology requires about 1/2 of a 33Mhz TMS320C31. VCS continuous
technology is available in cellular and wireline based libraries
for continuous digit input in approximately 15 languages. VCS
continuous recognition is a modified HMM decision strategy built
upon the foundation of VCS phonetic "front end".
* Availability: VCS continuous technology is available today in
software form from VCS or implemented in hardware or speech
systems from VCS distributors including Dialogic Corporation,
Brite Voice, Intervoice, Periphonics, and Syntellect.
* Cost: Software royalties are volume based and range from per unit
costs of $500 per recognizer to less than $5 in large quantities.
* See also: the VCS Phonetic Dictionary Recognizer and VCS Isolated
Word Speech Recognition below, and the VCS 2030 & 2060 Voice
Dialers.
* Contact: Voice Control Systems, Inc.
14140 Midway Rd., Dallas, Tx. 75244, USA
Ph: +1-214-386-0300, Fax: +1-214-386-5555
Email: sales@vcsi.com
WWW: http://www.voicecontrol.com/
Voice Control Systems Phonetic Dictionary Recognizer
* Description: This recognizer is based upon a HMM type recognition
strategy coupled with the VCS "front end" (feature extraction
software). The HMM modeling is based upon the basic phonetic
building blocks in each language. In American English this is
approximately 43 units. The recognition vocabulary is built up by
combining these units into word models. By building the words in
this way new recognition vocabularies may be constructed. The
phonetic assembly can also be used for "word spotting" recognition
libraries.
* Platform: This VCS recognition software runs on the TI TMS320C30
DSP. Two recognizers can operate on a single 55mhz C30. Currently
the software may be purchased as an Enhanced Technology from VCS
to run on the Dialogic VR/160p speech recognizer board. The
hardware is purchased from Dialogic, with the "Enhanced" software
purchased from VCS. Up to four phonetic recognizers can run on a
single 160; one per VRM2C (C30-33mhz DSP) daughtercard.
* Note: This recognizer is in its late "beta" stage of development
and is available for U.S. English vocabularies. Other languages
are presently under development.
* Price: VCS software is priced at $350 per recognizer for unit
quantities with volume discounts available.
* See also: VCS Continuous Recognition above, VCS Isolated Word
Speech Recognition below, and the VCS 2030 & 2060 Voice Dialers.
* Contact: Voice Control Systems, Inc.
14140 Midway Rd., Dallas, Tx. 75244, USA
Ph: +1-214-386-0300, Fax: +1-214-386-5555
Email: sales@vcsi.com
WWW: http://www.voicecontrol.com/
Voice Control Systems Isolated Word Speech Recognition
* Description: Voice Control Systems (VCS) isolated word recognition
using VCS phonetic recognizer technology. It is robust in
demanding environments such as the "hands-free" automotive
environment, telephone networks, wireless or wireline.
Capabilities include speaker-independent, speaker-dependent and
speaker-adaptive recognition. Libraries are available for 45+
languages and custom vocabulary development services are
available. The technology is suited for many applications
including:
+ Desktop computing: such as keyboard accelerators
orinteractive multimedia.
+ Network telephony: such as automating operator functions or
voice dialing.
+ Computer telephony: such as remote access to a personal
computers.
+ Automotive accessory control: such as voice activated
cellular phones or other automotive accessories.
+ Consumer electronics: such as voice controllers for video
games or VCRs and televisions.
* Platform: Include Intel-X86, TI-C5X, C3X, C4X and C2X, OKI 6679,
and NEC-V20 and V30, and can operate on 16 bit microcontrollers.
As a benchmark, 8 recognizers can run on an Intel 486-33 DX.
* Availability: The technology is available under software licenses
direct from VCS or by purchasing hardware from an OEM. VCS OEMs
include: Dialogic, Oki Semiconductor, Intervoice, Periphonics,
etc.
* Cost: VCS isolated word recognition software is available under a
volume pricing license agreement. Small quantity royalties are in
the $500.00 per recognizer range while large (millions) quantity
royalties are less than $1.00 per recognizer.
* See also: VCS Continuous Speech Recognition and VCS Phonetic
Dictionary Recognizer above, and the VCS 2030 & 2060 Voice
Dialers.
* Contact: Voice Control Systems, Inc.
14140 Midway Rd., Dallas, Tx. 75244, USA
Ph: +1-214-386-0300, Fax: +1-214-386-5555
Email: sales@vcsi.com
WWW: http://www.voicecontrol.com/
Visus SpeechKit
* Platform: NeXT
* Description: SpeechKit is based on SPHINX, a speaker-independent,
1000 word or so, continuous speech recognition system which allows
you to incorporate speech recognition into your applications. You
can design your vocabulary and grammars.
* Contact: Visus - no address or phone provided. A possible contact
is Robert Brennan at Carnegie Mellon University. email:
Robert_Brennan@cmu.edu
VCS 2060 Voice Dialer
VCS 2030 Voice Dialer
* Platform: Stand-alone hardware, TMS320C5X based with VCS phonetic
speech recognition and CELP speech compression.
* Description: The VCS 2060 is a telephone dialing system which
recognizes 50 names - and speed dials the associated telephone
number. The VCS 2030 has 20 memories. Users use
speaker-independent recognition to select the "call", "program",
or "list" menu, then place a call, enroll a new memory, or listen
to playback of entries in the phonebook. Enrollment is simple and
includes a "name tag" enrollment pass so that when one selects an
entry to call, the selection is confirmed by repeating the
memory's associated name tag, e.g. "calling Pete". The system uses
both speaker-independent and speaker-dependent technology from
Voice Control Systems, Inc.
* Installation: The VCS 2060 can be installed in series (RJ-11) with
one phone for single phone operation or installed in parallel
(RJ-31) to provide voice dialing from every phone in a house.
* Cost: Standard retail prices:
+ VCS 2030 Voice Dialer - $269.00
+ VCS 2060 Voice Dialer - $299.00
* Availability: From catalogs or direct from Voice Control Systems.
Voice Control Systems
14140 Midway Rd., Dallas, Tx. 75225, USA
Ph: 800-VCS-7525, Fax: +1-214-386-5555
Email: sales@vcsi.com
WWW: http://www.voicecontrol.com/
Voice-Trek 2.0
* Platform: Unknown.
* Description: VoiceTrek is primarily used by the United States
Postal Service to sort mail. Tardis Technology Inc. was created to
develop and market applications that utilize speech recognition.
They do consulting work as well as turnkey systems.
* Contact: Tardis Technology Inc., Voice Recognition Div.
6444 E. Spring St., #286, Long Beach, CA 90815-1500, USA
Phone: +1-310-497-0077, Fax: +1-310-497-0080
VoiceAssist for Windows from Creative Labs, Inc.
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Seeking a description.
* Availability: VoiceAssist preview software is available from the
Creative Labs VoiceAssist home page.
* Contact: Creative Labs, Inc.
Ph: 1-800-998-1000 (Sales)
Ph: 1-800-998-5227 (Product info and dealer referrals)
CompuServe: support forum: GO BLASTER
WWW: http://www.creaf.com/
VoiceServer for Windows
* Platform: Windows
* Description: Speaker dependent, each with an independent
directory. Isolated words. Up to 1000 words/user, 300
words/window. 1 word occupies 2Kb on hard disk. Can be used to
control Windows applications by issuing voice commands instead of
menu selection.
* Rough Cost: 292 Pounds(UK)
* Requirements: None
* Misc: Price includes a half-sized AT voice card (including a DSP),
software, documentation & a microphone (attachable to keyboard or
speaker). A light-weight high-spec headset is an optional extra.
* Contact:
Mark Redwood
Applied Voice Technologies
26 Danbury Street, Islington,
London, UK, N1 8JU
Ph: + 44 71 454 1224 : Fax: + 44 71 454 1225
Voicetek Corp.
* Platform: Unknown.
* Description:Voicetek Corporation provides voice processing
solutions, training and consulting services and an
object-oriented, graphical Generations Platform for development of
integrated computer telephony systems.
* Contact: Voicetek Corporation
19 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824, USA
Ph: +1-508-250-9393, Fax: +1-508-250-9378
WWW: http://www.voicetek.com/
Votan VPC2100 Voice Card and VSP 1010 Speech Processor
* Platform: DOS
* VPC2100 Voice Card: a hardware and software system based on the
TMS320C10. providing continuous speech recognition. The VPC2100
consists of a circuit board, microphone, speaker, software, and
documentation. It is designed to add voice I/O and telephone
management capabilities to the PC/AT and compatibles. Features:
+ Voice store-and-forward at 4- to 16.4-Kb/s speed
+ Speaker-independent speech recognition (0-9, YES, NO)
+ Continuous speaker-dependent speech recognition
+ Telephone interface, pulse or tone dialing, call progress,
and DTMF
+ Software for development, voice mail, telephone management,
and VoiceKey
+ High-level applications-generator software
* Votan VSP 1010 speech-processor board: can service a single voice
channel, providing recognition, voice output, and telephone
interfacing. Digital signal processing is performed by a TMS320
integrated circuit.
* Costs: Unknown
* WWW: http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/dsps/develop/3rdparty/vot.htm
* Contact: Votan Division, MOSCOM Corporation
6920 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 214, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Ph: +1-510-426-5600, Fax: +1-510-426-6767
Voice Processing Corporation Speech Recognition Product Line
* Platform: Unknown.
* Description: Voice Processing Corporation (VPC) supplies automated
speech recognition systems. VPC's products are used in the
telecommunications, cellular and personal computer markets to
enable computers to understand human speech. The company's VPro
product line is sold to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs),
value added resellers (VARs), system integrators and application
developers. VPC's speech recognition systems are currently used in
applications such as voice mail, voice activated dialing,
interactive voice response, and command and control of personal
computers.
The following are descriptions of the Voice Processing
Corporation's VPro Product Line: VProContinuous, VPro/XD, VPro/RT,
VProCel, VProSpeller, VProPRL, VPro hardware platforms, and the
application Osprey.
More information is available on these products at the VPC WWW
site: http://www.vpro.com/
* VProContinuous(TM) is a speaker-independent, continuous digit
recognizer. It recognizes digit strings spoken in a continuous
manner, by any caller, without unnatural beeps or pauses.
VProContinuous uses out-of-vocabulary rejection and word spotting
technologies to reject extraneous words and phrases often spoken
by callers. The VProContinuous vocabulary consists of the words
"zero" through "nine," "yes," "no," and "oh." The product is
language-independent. American English, Australian English,
Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, Castilian Spanish, French,
German, Italian, Mexican Spanish, Portuguese, Swiss German and
U.K. English versions are available.
* VPro/XD(TM) is a discrete or multiword speech recognizer for
extra-demanding applications and/or vocabularies. This robust
discrete product recognizes isolated discrete utterances (words or
very short phrases). VPro/XD utilizes proprietary
out-of-vocabulary rejection and word-spotting technologies.
VPro/XD is speaker-independent and includes Talkover capability
allowing speech-interrupt over prompts. Pre-trained vocabulary
libraries are available in American English, Australian English,
Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, Castilian Spanish, Central
American Spanish, German, Italian, Mandarin Chinese, Mexican
Spanish, Portuguese, Swiss German and UK English. Pre-trained
vocabularies consisting of voice mail words, voice dialing words,
call control words, banking, and emergency words are available in
American English (both cellular and land-line).
* VPro/RT(TM) is a discrete speech recognizer for rapid training of
vocabularies in the field. This robust discrete product recognizes
isolated discrete utterances. Application designers and end-users
define the vocabulary of their choice and train the system in
real-time either prior to system start-up, or adapting on-the-fly
while the system is running live. Vocabularies can be subset, and
applications involving thousands of words can be developed
quickly. VPro/RT, which also supports Talkover, is suited to
speaker-dependent recognition tasks, such as the personal
directory of names in a voice-activated dailing application.
VPro/RT is also good for applications that require
speaker-independent vocabularies to be developed quickly in the
field or those that require many vocabularies. VPro/RT can also be
used as a tool for quick prototyping of applications.
* VProCel consists of speaker-independent VProContinuous, VPro/XD
and speaker-dependent VPro/RT specifically tuned for the cellular
environment. The speaker-dependent discrete feature of VProCel
allows for a user-defined 20-word personal directory, with a
one-pass enrollment whereby users need only speak their chosen
commands once. In addition, cellular-ready VPro/XD vocabularies
consisting of voice-activated dialing command words are also
available. VProCel is suited to voice-activated dialing
applications using either digit strings or a listing of words in a
personal directory.
* VProSpeller is a recognizer that can determine which name or word
is being spelled by a caller. Users may spell a string of letters
(up to 32 letters) in an uninterrupted manner (without prompts or
beeps between each letter). VProSpeller can recognize confusable
letters by conducting an automated search of a database of words
maintained by the application for the best candidates to match.
* VProPRL Designed for customers who wish to enable VPC speech
recognition technologies on platforms other than those supported
by VPro hardware, the VProPRL is a portable recognizer library of
VProContinuous, VPro/XD and VPro/RT, which can be embedded into a
wide variety of hardware platforms. It consists of a library of
object modules which can be linked with a user application or
task.
* VPro Hardware Platforms: VPro-42, VPro-84, VPro-88 : The VPro
platforms are ISA compliant PC/AT boards. Each supports four to
eight Virtual Speech Processors (VSPs). Each VSP, depending on
load factors, can handle multiple telephone lines. Application and
host computers communicate with each of the VSPs as separate
autonomous units. VPro platforms use Texas Instruments TMS320C31
microprocessors which provide up to 133 MFLOPS of compute power.
The platforms can have up to 8 megabytes of memory shared among
all processors. In addition, each processor has 512K bytes of
local memory. Both the PEB and MVIP PCM audio buses are supported
by all VPro platforms.
* Osprey is a call management software application that performs the
kinds of telephone related activities typically done by a personal
assistant, such as answering the phone, screening callers, routing
calls, and taking and delivering messages. It is an automated
phone attendant.
* Price and availability: Contact Voice Processing Corporation
* Contact: Kelli V. Smith
Voice Processing Corporation
1 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142 USA
Ph: (617)494-0100 Fax: (617)494-4970
e-mail: KSmith@vpro.com
WWW: http://www.vpro.com/
Whisper
See the new page for Microsoft speech recognition software.
* Platform: Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0
* Description: Command and control recognition.
WildCard Speech Products
* Platform: Windows 3.1 and Windows 95
* OfficeTalk for Windows: provides voice commands for dictation,
navigation, command and control, and formatting for business uses
of computers. Provides user voice access to a wide variety of
software applications in office suites from Microsoft,
Novell/WordPerfect, and Lotus. More information on the WildCard
OfficeTalk page.
* LawTalk for Windows: adds features and interfaces that meet the
specific needs of legal users. More information on the WildCard
LawTalk page.
* VoiceCompanion for the Internet: Surf the net using voice
commands. Controls browsers like Netscape and Microsoft Explorer.
More information on the VoiceCompanion web page.
* VoiceCompanion - RemoteAccess: Over the telephone remote access to
your desktop PC, for voicemail, FAX forwarding and address book
information. More information on the VoiceCompanion web page.
* Availability: WildCard Technologies Inc.
180 West Beaver Creek Road, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada L4B 1B4
Phone: (905) 731-6444, Fax: (905) 731-7017
Email: sales@wildcardtech.com
WWW: http://www.wildcardtech.com/
___________________________________________________________________________
Q6.6: Speaker Recognition (Verification and Identification)
* Introduction
* In the FAQ
* On the WWW
Introduction
Speaker recognition is the process of automatically recognizing who is
speaking on the basis of individual information included in speech
signals. It can be divided into Speaker Identification and Speaker
Verification. Speaker identification determines which registered
speaker provides a given utterance from amongst a set of known
speakers. Speaker verification accepts or rejects the identity claim
of a speaker - is the speaker the person they say they are?
Speaker recognition technology makes it possible to a the speaker's
voice to control access to restricted services, for example, phone
access to banking, database services, shopping or voice mail, and
access to secure equipment.
Both technologies require users to "enroll" in the system, that is, to
give examples of their speech to a system so that it can characterise
(or learn) their voice patterns.
In the FAQ:
* ImagineNation: Voice Activated UnLock Technology
* Jialong He's Speaker Recognition (Identification) Tool
* Keyware Biometric Security Products
* SpeakerKey Voice Verifier from ITT
* SpeakEZ Voice Print Speaker Verification
* Voice Control Systems: Speaker Verification Technology
On the WWW
Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology
Report edited by Ronald A. Cole et. al. with a section on
Speaker Recognition.
http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CSLU/HLTsurvey/ch1node47.html
Speaker Identification And Verification: LIMSI Report
A technical description.
http://www.limsi.fr/Recherche/TLP/reco/2pg95-sv/2pg95-sv.html
Long Index of References on Automatic Speaker Verification
A list of more than 350 papers on speaker verification in text
or BibTeX format. Provided by G.Matas.
http://sig.enst.fr/~chollet/ForMehdi/SpRecV1.l_ind.html
CAVE: Caller Verification in Banking and Telecommunications
European consortium developing speaker recognition
technologies.
http://www.ptt-telecom.nl/cave/
Hangai Lab demonstrations of speaker verification and speaker
identification.
Do it yourself demonstrations:
http://miya8f05.ee.kagu.sut.ac.jp/study/speech/speech1.html
http://miya8f05.ee.kagu.sut.ac.jp/study/speech/speech2.html
Voice Activated UnLock Technology (VAULT): ImagineNation
* Description: Password-based voice verification technology using a
card to store voice-print data. Introductory information and the
VAULT FAQ are provided on the ImagineNation WWW pages.
* Contact: Imagine
PO Box 212, Swansea, MA 02777, USA
Ph: +1-508-678-9563
Fax: 508-678-1470
Email: feedback@ImagineNation.com
WWW: http://www.ImagineNation.com/
Jialong He's Speaker Recognition (Identification) Tool
* Platform: SUN SPARC (SunOS), PC (MSDOS)
* Description: This package contains a set of speaker recognition
research utilities, including Gaussian mixture models, VQ codebook
designing program and MLP network. They can also be used as
general classifiers. The utilities are divided into the following
categories:
+ Feature extraction and dimensional reduction
cepstrum -- extract features from speech sigals (LPCC, MFCC,
etc.).
search -- select effective features (SFS, SBS method).
randline -- randomize the a sequence, auxiliary utility.
bin2asc -- binary to ASCII, auxiliary utility.
+ MLP network
mlptrain -- MLP network training program.
mlptest -- MLP network test program.
+ VQ codebook training and test programs
lbglvq -- VQ codebook training program.
nearest -- VQ codebook test program.
+ Gaussian mixture model (GMM)
gmmtrain -- GMM training program.
gmmtest -- GMM test program.
Note: this is a research tool not a true speaker recognition
system.
* Availability: By anonymous ftp:
MSDOS Version
UK:
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/s
pkrtool.zip
Germany:
ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-ulm.de/pub/NI/jialong/
ip
Sun SPARC version, compiled with GNU C
UK:
ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/recognition/s
pkr_sun_v1.tar.gz
Germany:
ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-ulm.de/pub/NI/jialong/
n_v1.tar.gz
* See also: Jialong He's Speech Recognition Research Tool
* Contact: Jialong He
email: jialong@neuro.informatik.uni-ulm.de
Keyware Biometric Security Products
* Description: VoiceGuardian and S2 Security Server provide
authentication and access control technologies. An online demo of
Voice Guardian is available.
* Contact: Keyware Technologies
_USA_
Keyware Technologies
500 West Cummings Park, Suite 3600, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
Ph: (617) 933 1311, Fax: (617) 933 1554
_Belgium_
Keyware Technologies
Excelsiorlaan 28-30, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium
Ph: 32 2 721 4574, Fax: 32 2 721 5015
_Email:_ sales@keywareusa.com
_WWW:_ http://www.keywareusa.com/
SpeakerKey Voice Verifier from ITT
* Platform: Windows/Pentium and Solaris/SPARC
* Description: SpeakerKey provides over-the-phone voice
verification. It is configurable for use in a wide range of
applications.
SpeakerKey provides a Speaker Verification API (SVAPI).
SpeakerKey uses two technologies: (1) speaker-independent digit
recognition using hidden Markov models, (2) speaker verification
using "Nearest Neighbour Matching with Likelihood Ratio Scoring
and cohort speakers."
Dr. Joe Campbell maintains a SpeakerKey FAQ on the WWW. It
provides a more detailed description of SpeakerKey and discusses
several speaker verification issues:
http://www.vitro.bloomington.in.us:8080/~BC/REPORTS/SpeakerKeyFAQ.
html
* Requirements: Minimum 60 MHz Pentium (with sound card) or
SPARCstation 5, plus phone line interface devices.
* Price: Evaluation kits available from $75. Developer's kits are
$1500. Run-time licenses are priced from $600 to $10,000 depending
upon the number of user and/or verifications per hour. Application
customization is available.
* Contact: ITT Industries
Fort Wayne, IN, USA
Ph: +1-219-487-6321, Fax: +1-219-487-6126
Email: speakerkey@itt.com
SpeakEZ Voice Print Speaker Verification
* Description: Designed to prevent cell phone theft and cloning
fraud by comparing the cellular caller's statement of a
pass-phrase to a stored digital "voice print" of the authorized
subscriber. If the caller's voice patterns do not match the stored
voice print, service will be denied or the caller will be referred
to operator assistance for further validation processing. Features
include:
+ Customer selected password.
+ Vocabulary and language independent.
+ No special hardware required by customer.
+ Multiple delivery options.
* Contact: T-NETIX, Inc.
6675 South Kenton Street Englewood, CO 80111 USA
Phone: (800) 352-8628, (303) 790-9111, Fax: (303) 790-9540
WWW: http://www.t-netix.com/
Voice Control Systems: Speaker Verification Technology
* Description: SpeechPrint ID technology provides language
independent speaker verification. Features:
+ Multiple speech input formats
+ Operates over various microphones or the telephone network
+ Can can be used in conjunction with discrete and continuous
recognition
+ Robust against background noise and spurious telephone
channel noise
For more information on features, hardware and software
requirements, pricing and availability, contact Voice Control
Systems, Inc. or visit their the VCS WWW site or the SpeechPrint
ID WWW page.
* See also: VCS speech recognition products in Q6.5.
* Contact: Voice Control Systems, Inc.
14140 Midway Rd., Dallas, Tx. 75244, USA
Ph: +1-214-386-0300, Fax: +1-214-386-5555
Email: sales@vcsi.com
WWW: http://www.voicecontrol.com/
___________________________________________________________________________
Q6.7: Integrated Speech Products
This section lists those products which integrate different speech
technologies into a single user package. For example, speech
recognition and speech synthesis can be combined to provide a dialog
management system. Strictly speaking, this doesn't really belong under
in Section 6 (Speech Recognition) but since these products all include
speech recognition, it seems a reasonable place to put it for now!
In the FAQ...
* SpeechWorksfrom Applied Language Technologies, Inc.
* Nortel Speech Technology Products
SpeechWorksfrom Applied Language Technologies, Inc.
* Description: SpeechWorks and companion products provide advanced
speech recognition technology for the telephony market.
SpeechWorks can be used by developers to "speech-enable" call
center, messaging, enhanced services, and other types of
applications. The three major system modules - SpeechWorks,
DialogModules and SpeechBuilder - are described below. More
detailed information is available from the Applied Language
Technologies home page.
ALTech develops and markets speech understanding software which
provides large vocabulary, speaker-independent, phonetic speech
recognition. ALTech's software contains a comprehensive set of
features for speech-enabling telephone-based transactions and
services. SpeechWorks is based on technology licensed from the
Spoken Language Systems Group at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
* SpeechWorks: provides the core speech recognition capabilities.
Features include:
+ Phonetic segment-based, speaker-independent, large
vocabulary, continuous speech recognition
+ Real-time vocabulary generation directly from text
+ Database integration
+ "Barge-in" capability
+ Adaptive channel normalization
+ "n-best" output and associated confidence scores
+ Support for multiple languages
+ Software-only or DSP-based implementations
+ Support for multiple platforms and operating systems (e.g.,
SCO UNIX, WindowsNT, etc.)
* DialogModules: manage the "conversation" between the system and
the caller within an application. They provide high-level
application building blocks which enable developers to quickly and
easily add speech interfaces to computer telephony applications.
Each DialogModule accomplishes a particular task within an
application, ranging from "simple" tasks such as capturing a
yes/no response or a phone number, to more complex tasks such as
capturing credit card information or name and address information.
DialogModules provide "out-of-the-box" functionality. They contain
pre-built grammars, user-interface design, internal call flow and
error recovery routines, parameters for customization and a set of
C++ class libraries and C APIs.
* SpeechBuilder: provides tools for customizing the DialogModules
and for developing and maintaining applications. A GUI-based
Vocabulary Editor provides the ability to generate and maintain
vocabulary or word lists. Pronunciations can be generated
automatically using the built-in dictionary or can be
automatically generated using a set of text-to-phoneme rules.
* Product Bundles: are available which combine SpeechWorks and
multiple DialogModules into application templates for a set of
generic application categories.
+ SpeechForms SpeechForms provides an interactive method for
entering data over the phone, such as ordering products,
filling out surveys and completing registration forms.
Typical applications include: order entry, reservations,
catalog and literature requests, catalog shopping,
subscriptions, change of service, claims, credit card
activation, home banking, stock transactions, and warranty
reservations.
+ SpeechQuery SpeechQuery is used to deliver information in
response to voice requests over the phone, such as airline
information, product delivery status and retirement benefit
information. Typical applications include: order status,
product information, account balance, flight status, movie
listings, job listings, stock quotes, guide
services,classified ads, claims status, dealer locator
services, and technical support.
+ SpeechAgent SpeechAgent provides a set of modules for
automating telephone-based voice messaging applications, such
as integrated messaging, single-number services and
voice-dialing. Typical applications include: voice messaging,
voice dialing, auto attendant, address book access, email
access, and scheduling.
* Platform: Platforms and Operating systems: ALTech's software can
be deployed on industry-standard hardware platforms and operating
systems including: Sun SPARC-based systems running SunOS or
Solaris, IBM RS/6000s running AIX, HP systems running HP-UX, and
486/Pentium-based PCs and servers running Windows, WindowsNT, SCO
UNIX, or Solaris. ALTech's systems are designed to run all or some
of the software on a digital signal processor.
* Availability: contact ALTech for licensing information.
* Contact: Applied Language Technologies, Inc.
215 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
Ph: 617-225-0012, Fax: 617-225-0322
Email: to Alisa Moyer: moyer@altech.com
WWW: http://www.altech.com/
Nortel Speech Technology Products
* Nortel's AudioGram Delivery Service (ADS):
When a busy or no answer condition is encountered, an intercept
message offers ADS, which provides a service to the calling party
by taking a message automatically. ADS records the caller's
message and attempts delivery repeatedly if needed until the
message is delivered. ADS is comprised of four independent
services: 0+, 1+ and Local, Intentional, and Millenium AudioGram.
ADS services utilize Nortel's Flexible Voice Recognition (FVR)
voice-processing capabilities. ADS features include:
+ Cost-saving common service platform (NAV)
+ Builds upon existing network investment in toll
infrastructure capabilities of AABS (Automated Alternate
Billing Service)
+ Leverages the capabilities of existing TOPS (Traffic Operator
Position System) attendants.
More information: is available on the Nortel Multimedia Network
Applications WWW page for AudioGram Delivery Service.
* Nortel's Voice-Activated Auto Attendant (VAAA):
Replaces touch tone menu with easy-to-use voice interface. Geared
to businesses and corporations to provide more effective
management of incoming customer calls. Residing on the Network
Applications Vehicle (NAV) platform, VAAA uses Flexible Vocabulary
Recognition (speaker-independent) technology to recognize spoken
words, and directs calls accordingly. Other features include:
+ Cost-saving common service platform (NAV)
+ Serves DTMF and rotary dial callers.
+ Handles incoming calls for all corporate users (Centrex, PBX,
or key systems)
More information: is available on the Nortel Multimedia Network
Applications WWW page for Voice-Activated Auto Attendant.
* Nortel's Voice-Activated Dialing (VAD):
Phoneme-based speech dialing capabilities provided through
speaker-trained and speaker-independent technologies. Residing on
the Network Applications Vehicle (NAV) platform, VAD enables
subscribers to dial using speech, as well as to create and
customize personal telephone directories. Other features include:
+ Cost-saving common service platform (NAV)
+ Speech playback and Text-to-speech synthesis
+ Dual Language capability (optional)
+ Speech Recording
+ Canadian French speechware (optional, prompts and FVR)
+ Spanish speechware (optional, prompts and FVR)
+ 75-name VAD directory size
+ Word-spotting
+ DTMF tone detection
+ Directory sharing
+ Scalable service deployment
+ Talk-through
More information: is available on the Nortel Multimedia Network
Applications WWW page for Voice-Activated Dialing.
* Nortel's Voice-Activated Premier Dialing (VAPD):
Enables businesses to take advantage of the public network
directories to stimulate customer calls. Residing on the Network
Applications Vehicle (NAV) platform, VAPD uses Flexible Vocabulary
Recognition (speaker-independent) technology to recognize business
names, and routes calls to the appropriate business entity. VAPD
promotes cost savings by utilizing a common service platform, the
Network Applications Vehicle (NAV). It services DTMF callers as
well as rotary dialers, and handles incoming calls for all
corporate users: Centrex, PBX, and key systems. More information:
is available on the Nortel Multimedia Network Applications WWW
page for Voice-Activated Premier Dialing.
* Platform: This speech-based service operates on the Network
Applications Vehicle (NAV) platform. NAV is a multi-application,
digital signal processing platform supporting both speech- and
display-based applications. The NAV platform provides the speech
recognition capabilities and application logic used by NAV
features an open, modular hardware architecture and flexible
software design. Other features include:
+ Scalable hardware - from 24 to over 2000 ports per NAV node;
1 to 24 independent application shelves per node
+ Powerful speech processing - speaker-independent and
speaker-trained speech processing support
+ Reliability - N+1, N+M, and 2N redundancy
+ Central Management - access via graphical user interface to
remote connections
* See Also: Nortel Feature Planning Guide, reference number
50004.11; NAV Applications and Planning Guide, reference number
50118.16.
Nortel's Multimedia web pages:
http://www.nortel.com/entprods/multimedia/
* Contact: NORTEL
Multimedia Communications Systems Division
Multimedia Network Applications
1000 Park Forty Plaza
Durham, NC 27713 USA
Ph: 1-800-4NORTEL
WWW: http://www.nortel.com/entprods/multimedia/
___________________________________________________________________________
Copyright (c) 1993-6 by Andrew Hunt, all rights reserved.
This FAQ may be posted to any USENET newsgroup, on-line service, or BBS as
long as it is posted in its entirety and includes this copyright statement.
This FAQ may not be distributed for financial gain.
This FAQ may not be included in any collections or compilations
without express permission from the author.
---
Andrew Hunt
Speech Applications Group
Sun Microsystems Laboratories Ph: (978) 442-2681
2 Elizabeth Drive, MS UCHL03-207 Fax: (978) 250-5067
Chelmsford, MA 01824, USA Email: andrew.hunt@east.sun.com
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