|
Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p7
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part7 News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part7 Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part7 Version: 3.1 Last-modified: 1996/01/25 See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge
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Table of Contents (for this file)
---------------------------------
10. Emulators
10.1. What is an emulator?
10.2. What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
10.3. What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
10.4. Are any other Commodore computers emulated?
11. Troubleshooting
11.1. What do I do for my ill disk drive?
11.2. What do I do for my ill computer?
11.2.1. What do I do for my ill Commodore 64?
11.2.2. What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?
11.3. What do I do for my ill keyboard?
12. Modifications and Cabling
12.1. How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
12.2. How do I open a C128 power supply?
12.3. How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
12.4. How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?
12.5. How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?
12.6. How can I determine how much VDC video memory is in my C128?
12.7. How do I build a GEOCable interface?
+ 12.8. How do I connect my Commodore printer to an IBM PC?
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10. Emulators
As time moves on, people move to other computer systems, for business resons
or otherwise. However, many still long to play Commodore games, use
Commodore software, and enjoy Commodore demos. Thus, emulators were born
to bring the non-Commodore computer owner the enjoyment of owning a
Commodore.
10.1. What is an emulator?
An emulator is a piece of software that runs on a given platform and
emulates, or mimics, the operation of another machine. When the
emulator loads up a program, the programs runs as though it were running
on the emulated platform.
| For more information on emulators and their use, please see The Commodore
| emulator FAQ, maintained by Ken Gifford (tsrken@voicenet.com). It
| can also be found on Jim Brain's MAILSERV server (See Section 6.5.2 for more
| information).
For those with WWW browsers, the CBM Emulation FAQ is at:
| http://www.hut.fi/~msmakela/cbm/faq/
10.2. What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
64 emulators exist on the following machines:
Amiga
IBM
Atari ST
Macintosh
UNIX
10.3. What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
There is a very basic Commodore 128 emulator bundled available for the
UNIX platform under X. It is bundled with X64.
10.4. Are any other Commodore computers emulated?
There is a commodore product called the PET emulator that remaps a
Commodore 64 to emulate a PET 40 column unit (i.e. PET 4032). You can
run this program on a C64 to emulate a PET, or you can run this program
| on a 64 emulator to emulate a PET on an IBM, for example.
+ As for VIC-20 emulators, one exists for the Amiga, and there is a program
+ similar to the PET Emulator that allows a C64 to emulate a VIC-20. For the
+ UNIX OS, one called VICE is available for machines with X Windows. Contact
+ Andre Fachat (a.fachat@physik.tu-chemnitz.de) for more information. The
+ emulator is at: http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/~fachat/
+ For the MS-DOS platform, a program called V20 is available at:
+ http://shell.ihug.co.nz/~be/vic.htm
+ For more information on this emulator contact Bryce Ewing at
+ be@ihug.co.nz.
Although not necessarily a different Commodore computer, there is a
GEOS emulator in the works. It is called GEOS Warp v1.0 and information
is available at http://stud1.tuwien.ac.at/~e9426444/geoswarp/index.html.
A version for the Apple PowerMac is in the alpha stage, and support for
a PC version. Plans for a UNIX/X11 version are still unclear. The author
is Andreas Varga, and can be contacted at e9426444@stud1.tuwien.ac.at.
+ VIC-20 Emulator for DOS
+ Paul Robson (Author)
+ autismuk@aol.com (Internet Contact)
+ http://users.aol.com/autismuk/vic20.zip (WWW URL)
11. Troubleshooting
11.1. What do I do for my ill disk drive?
If the drive spins and the LEDs are off:
At the back of the 1541 circuit board are two bridge rectifiers - stout
epoxy packages with 4 leads each. The innermost one is defective
If both LEDs are dim:
The 5VDC regulator is bad.
If both LEDS are on:
Drive did not make it through the power-on reset sequence. Kernal ROM
(901229-05) is susepct, as is (in order of expectation): VIA (6522),
CPU (6502), RAM (6116 or equivalent), or a "glue" chip in the reset logic
If your drive won't even accept input from the computer, and the drive
light is making some blinking pattern, then the drive may be telling you
what is wrong.
No Blink Kernal (E000-FFFF) ROM or 6522 VIA Failure
One Blink 6116 RAM Failure
Two Blinks Possible Zero Page RAM Failure
Three Blinks DOS (C000-CFFF) ROM Failure
Four Blinks DOS (C000-CFFF) ROM Failure
Five Blinks 6116 RAM Failure
Six Blinks 6116 RAM Failure
| Six Blinks 2114 RAM Failure at c4 or c5 (8050)
Seven Blinks 6116 RAM Failure
Eight Blinks 6116 RAM Failure
1541
The most common problem facing the 1541 disk drive is alignment. If your
1541 has trouble reading commercial disks, or reading disks written some
time ago, but has less trouble reading recently written disks, chances are
that your 1541 is out of alignment. C= service centers will typically align
a 1541 for anywhere from $20 to $45. There are also 1541 alignment
programs, (e.g. Free Spirit's "1541/71 Alignment System") which allow you
to align a 1541 yourself. There are those who claim that this does not
produce good results, but there are others who claim to have had
satisfactory results with these programs. There were a couple of articles
in COMPUTE Gazette and I think RUN on how to do this. The real problem is
mechanical in nature and can be over come. Other products are PHYSICAL
EXAM 1541 and 1571 versions.
+ All but the very earliest 1541 units can accomodate either a 1541 ALPS
+ mechanism or a newer Newtronics mechanism. Keep that in mind when
+ swammping mechanisms.
1571
The C=1571 drive is normally a double sided drive. However, it can also
emulate a 1541 and read single sided disks. Some of the earlier 1571's had
older system chips (ROMs) which caused a couple of problems. One, these
older drives were typically very slow when writing to the back side of a
disk. Two, it would take these drives ~30 seconds to go into single sided
mode. To check your ROM version, read the error channel of the disk drive
right after startup. On the 128, just PRINT DS$. On the 64, use:
10 open15,8,15:input#15,a,a$,b,c:close15:printa,a$,b,c
| Run the program; if the message says v3.1, you have the newer ROM.
| If it has a version 3.0 or older, you have the older ROM.
One problem that might occur is not having the head close enough to the disk
as required because of the light tension of the spring that pulls the head
down. Somewhere I remember that there was supposed to be a replacement
part. However, one of the alignment programs suggesting using pennies to
weight it down and lo and behold it started working.
1581
The C=1581 drive is a 3.5" drive that uses DSDD 800K disks. It is
compatible with both the C64 and C128, although some programs will not work
correctly with the 1581.
A small number of 1581's were shipped with an early version of a controller
chip which has problems with some software.
11.2. What do I do for my ill computer?
At times, every computer must be serviced. As the parts supply of Commodore
equipment dwindles, servicing becomes harder. However, there are many
sources in Section 16.2 that can service your Commodore machine, and here
are some things you can do to service it yourself.
If the screen is garbled, but BASIC seems to be limping along, and any
command is met by an error, RAM could be bad. You can look at bit
patterns on the screen by determining screen codes for garbage characters.
only bit 4 (32) should be on. After you determine which bits, here is the
bit->IC mapping:
Bit 7 (128) : U12
Bit 6 (64) : U24
Bit 5 (32) : U11
Bit 4 (16) : U23
Bit 3 (8) : U10
Bit 2 (4) : U22
Bit 1 (2) : U9
Bit 0 (1) : U21
A common problem with the C-64 is it's power supply. The C64 power
supplies are not especially powerful, and have this disturbing tendency to
fail. If your computer stops working, first check the power supply.
Replacement power supplies can be obtained from a number of mail order
places (e.g. Tenex, Parsec, Inc.). Additionally, several places advertise
"heavy-duty" power supplies that come with warranties, and give the C64
enough power to run a REU.
If your power supply goes, it can sometimes take other parts of the
computer with it. If your power supply has died, but the C64 continues
to fail with a known working power supply, it is likely that a few of your
chips got fried.
Also, another common problem with the C64 is the fuse inside the computer.
If the system power on light comes on, but you get a blank screen, suspect
the fuse. It is usually blown by misinsertion of devices into the computer.
+ According to the official Commodore Diagnostician II Reference Chart
+ released September 1989:
+ " intermittent blank screen or graphics " are caused by:
+ Bad power supply
+ Failed 6510 Microprocessor Chip
+ Failed 6567 VIC NTSC (6569 PAL) Chip
+ Failed 82s100 Programmable Logic Array Chip (PLA)
+ Failed 901226 Basic ROM Chip
+ Failed 4164 Memory RAM
+ The PLA chip is 40% responsible for all full screen failures.
11.2.2. What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?
Like the 1571, the C-128 has an older ROM and a newer ROM. The differences
between the two are less serious than is the case with a 1571. The easiest
way to tell the difference is to click down the CAPS LOCK key and hit Q
while in BASIC direct mode. If you see a lower case q, then you have an
older ROM. If you see an upper case Q, then you have a newer ROM. New ROMs
| can be ordered from (e.g. Paxtron Corporation) for about $25. The ROM
| chips in the 128 are all socketed, so replacing the chips is relatively
| easy.
11.3. What do I do for my ill keyboard?
Clean it:
Materials you will need:
Denatured (rubbing) alcohol, a clean pencil eraser, cotton swabs, a small
Phillips head screwdriver, a jewellers size Phillips screwdriver, a
solder iron of some type, and a Commodore 64 computer keyboard.
Procedure:
1. FIRST AND FOREMOST. Make certain that you have discharged any static
electricity in your body by grounding yourself to something like a cold
water pipe. Otherwise, you could blow chips in your computer if you
were to touch the wrong things.
2. Turn off your computer and unplug any and all cords and connectors,
fast-loaders, modems, etc. (just have yourself a naked (if you will
excuse the expression) computer).
3. Thoroughly clean all external connectors and ports with the swabs and
alcohol. Also, clean all plugs that go into those ports. If the problem
you had persists, proceed with the following:
4. On a clean surface, turn your key-board upside-down. Remove the screws
in the bottom.
5. CAREFULLY, separate the two halves about an inch. Unplug the connector
to the "power" LED on the top of the C-64.
6. Place the two halves flat so that the keyboard is facing you. The two
halves will be connected by a wire harness. This harness may be held
down by tape that must be removed in order to place the unit flat.
7. Remove the 15 or so brass screws that hold the circuit board under
the keyboard.
7a.Unsolder the wires going to the shift-lock key.
8. Turn the circuit board over. You will see the bottom of the keyboard
with a rubber "U" under each key, which makes contact with the board.
You will also see on the circuit board, a pair of gold contacts for
each key on the C-64.
9. CAREFULLY wash ALL the rubber "U"'s and the gold contacts with the
swabs and rubbing alcohol. Allow the alcohol to DRY.
10.Gently, clean each gold contact with the eraser. BRUSH AWAY THE ERASER
CRUMBS (I use a small hand-held, battery-powered vacuum cleaner).
11.Re-clean the gold contacts with the swabs and alcohol to ensure that
you have removed ALL traces of the eraser.
12.Reassemble the C-64 in the reverse order of disassembly.
12. Modifications and Cabling
As time wears on, many Commodore owners are turning to themselves to
manufacture small interfaces, modify their systems, and perform other
enhancements. Here are some common things the user can construct
himself or herself.
12.1. How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
On a 128, you can force the 1571 to go into single sided mode with the drive
command "u0>m0". (Issue such a command with open15,8,15,"u0>m0":close15.)
On the 64, a 1571 defaults to single sided mode, but you can convert it to
double sided mode (and read full double sided disk in 64 mode) with the
drive command "u0>m1". While in single sided mode, you can actually format
both sides of the disk as separate file systems. The command "u0>h0"
selects the regular side of the disk, and "u0>h1" selects the flip side of
the disk. Note that the flip side, when formatted this way, cannot be read
by a 1541; neither side will be readable by a 1571 when the disk is
inserted upside-down.
12.2. How do I open a C128 power supply?
First, unplug both leads running from the power supply and turn it upside
down. Locate four (4) small circles in the bottom; two are in the corners
and two in the other end a bit nearer each other.
Find some sharp tool, e.g. pin or nail. In turn, poke it inside each of
the cirles, firmly, and pull the caps off gently. They'll come out easily.
Breaking the caps should not matter, but there is no need to destroy the
casing in process.
Unsrew the 4 Phillips headed srews with an appropriate tool.
Notes:
This does not apply to the C64 brick!
Some 128 power supplies do not have rubber feet; rather, they have "L"-
shaped extensions on the casing. The caps on these extensions are not
made of rubber, but can be removed.
12.3. How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
Here is the diagram used to make a replacement Chroma / Luminence 40
column cable, that the 1902A uses, to connect to the 64 or 128.
_______ ________
/ 3 \ 1. Not Used / 2 \ *1. Luminance
/ 2 4 \ *2. Audio / 4 5 \ *2. Ground
! ! *3. Ground ! ! *3. Audio out
! 6 ! *4. Chroma ! 1 6 3 ! 4. Video out
! ! 5. Not Used ! ! 5. Audio in
\ 1 5 / *6. Luminance \ 7 8 / *6. Chroma
\____n____/ \____n____/ 7. Not used
8. Not used
1902A 64/128
* Actually used
12.4. How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?
Here are a couple of different interface ideas, and another can be found
at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/CBM/documents/
Using MAX-232 IC:
Userport C64 C64 RS232
_________
| |
PA2 M-----------11-| |-14------------------- TXD (2)
PB1 D-----------10-| |--7------------------- RTS (4)
PB6 K-----------12-| MAX 232 |-13------------------- CTS (5)
FLAG2 B---X--------9-| |--8------------------- RXD (3)
PB0 C---| | |--3--|+-|
VCC 2-----------16-| |--1-----| DB25-connector
GND N------X----15-| |
X--|+-2-| |--5--|+-|
X--+|-6-|_________|--4-----|
|
|---------------------------------------- GND (7)
-|+- capacitor 22uF/16V
- +
Using Transistors:
RS-232 interface
<Transistors are 2n2222>
<24 pin edge connector>
N <-----------------------+-----------+
/ !
22k !-!>+ !
M <----/\/\/--------! !
!---+ !
1k \ ! <male db25 connector>
2 <----/\/\/--------------+------------>-------------------> 2
!
+-----------------+
\
+<!-! 22k
!---------------/\/\/------------> 8
+---!
/
H <-----------------+
E <--------------------------------------------------------> 20
C <---+
!
B <---+-------------+
\
+---! 22k
!---------------/\/\/------------> 3
+<!-!
/
A <-----------------+--------------------------------+-----> 7
!
+-----> 4
!
+-----> 1
If you are having problems with this circuit as it stands, you may wish
to modify it in this way to reverse the clock signal:
Disconnect the emitter and collector on the middle transistor of the
diagram (the one that goes to the H line on the computer side)
Connect the collector to pin 2 on the 24 pin edge connector (the 5v Vcc
line), connect the emitter to pin H on the same connector, then connect a
1k ohm resistor to the same pin H and the other end of the resistor to pin N
or A.
12.5. How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?
A new programming technique makes it possible to acheive 9600 bps on an
| unexpanded Commodore 64 without the use of a Swiftlink cartridge.
Daniel Dallmann of Germany is the originator of this technique and is
currently writing modem drivers for some of the popular C64 terminal
emulation programs to take advantage of this new technique.
The interface described below is a little more complex than the one
in Section 12.4, but has many advantages:
* The interface generates proper EIA232 (RS-232) voltage levels.
The one in Section 12.4 relies on the ability of most newer RS232
equipment to handle lower voltages.
* The following interface can be used as a direct replacement for the
| interface in Section 12.4, and will work will all most
telecommunications programs at up to 2400 bps, while providing the
necessary interfacing to allow suitably equipped applications to
| operate at up to 9600 bps. (Some programs needing DCD and DTR lines
| may have problems.)
* if you currently own a normal RS232 interface, that interface can be
modified to incorporate the new interfacing for 9600 bps operation.
(in some cases one line of the old interface has to be disconnected,
see note **1 )
9600 bps is the maximum limit this type of technique due to the timing
limitations of the C64. The delay between the activation of the NMI-handler
and the falling edge of rxd is too long. The handler must be called in
less than 100 cycles. That's no problem at 9600 bps, but for 19200 baud
(the next higher baud rate), you have only 50 cycles, and that's impossoble
(because of VIC-DMA ). On a C128 in fast mode 38400 baud may be possible,
but I don't have a C128, so someone else has to try it out.
Schematic of a very simple RS232-Interface:
userport MAX232 rs232 9pin 25pin
+----------+
! !
(C) pb0--+ ! !
! ! /! !
(B) flag2--*--------------------O< !--------- rxd 2 3
! 9! \! !8
*7* sp2--+ ! !
! !
*6* cnt2--+ ! !
! ! !
*L* pb7--+ <NOTE **1!> ! !
! !\ !
(M) pa2--*--------------------! >O--------- txd 3 2
! 11! !/ !14
*5* sp1--+ ! !
74ls00 ! !
+-----+ ! !
! ! ! !\ !
(D) pb1-*------>O-------------! >O--------- rts 7 4
! 1! !3 10! !/ !7
+----! ! ! !
2! ! ! /! !
(K) pb6--------O<-----*-------O< !--------- cts 8 5
6! !4 ! 12! \! !13
! !--+ ! !
(1) gnd------! !5 ! !--- gnd 5 7
7! ! ! !15
(2) +5V------! ! ! ! (dsr 6 6)
14+-----+ ! !
! ! (dcd 1 8)
! !
! ! (dtr 4 20)
c2 ! !+ ! !
| (2) +5v------------! !-----! ! (ri 9 22)
! ! 2! !
! !
c4 +! ! ! !
(1) gnd------------! !-----! !
! ! 6! !
! !
c1 ! !+ ! !
+-! !-----! !
! ! ! 1! !
! ! !
+---------! !
3! !
c3 ! !+ ! !
+-! !-----! !
! ! ! 4! !
! ! !
+---------! !
5! !
! !
(1) gnd--------------------! !
15! !
! !
(2) +5V--------------------! !
16+----------+
(x) - connections required for a normal RS232-Interface.
*x* - additional connections to go up to 9600 baud.
| remark: The MAX232 needs 4 capacitors to generate +/- 10 volts to
| drive the RS-232 unit. The values are as such: (in uF)
| IC C1 C2 C3 C4
| ------- --- --- --- ---
| MAX232 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
| MAX232A 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
| MAX232E 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
notes :
**1 Some other interfaces use this pin. In that case you have to cut
the connection and change it to new way. PB7 is normally used to
receive the DSR (Data Set Ready) signal from the modem, but this
signal isn't supported by all terminal programs. Because of the new
wiring DSR will seem to be active to all 'old' programs, so that
there won't be any troubles.
Top view of the used ICs:
74 LS 00 MAX232
+------+ +------+
inA -!1 \/14!- vcc +cap1 -!1 \/16!- Vcc
inA -! !- inC +cap2 -! !- GND
outA -! !- inC -cap1 -! !- RS232/txd
inB -! !- outC +cap3 -! !- RS232/cts
inB -! !- inD -cap3 -! !- TTL/^cts
outB -! !- inD -cap4 -! !- TTL/txd
gnd -!7 8!- outD RS232/rts -! !- TTL/^rts
+------+ RS232/rxd -!8 9!- TTL/rxd
+------+
4 X NAND
2 X RS232 transmitter
2 X RS232 receiver
user port (view on C64s backside)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (top)
------------------------------------
A B C D E F H J K L M N (bottom)
1 - GND A - GND
2 - +5V B - ^flag2
3 - ^reset C - pb0
4 - cnt1 D - pb1
5 - sp1 E - pb2
6 - cnt2 F - pb3
7 - sp2 H - pb4
8 - ^pc2 J - pb5
9 - atn in K - pb6
10- 9V AC L - pb7
11- 9V AC M - pa2
12- GND N - GND
12.6. How can I determine how much VDC video memory is in my C128?
Here are two ways to detect whether the C128 VDC chip has 16kB or 64kB
of RAM.
1 rem fred's nifty program to determine size of 8563 dram
5 w=dec("cdcc"):r=dec("cdda")
10 bank15: ad=dec("d600"): da=ad+1 :rem setup ml
20 pokead,28: s=peek(da): pokeda,63 :rem select 64k
30 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysw,85,31 :rem write $55
40 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc1 :rem read here
50 i=17152: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc2 :rem and here
60 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysw,170,31 :rem write $aa
70 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc3 :rem read here
80 i=17152: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc4 :rem and here
90 pokead,28: pokeda,s:sysdec("ff62") :rem restore 16/64k
95 print chr$(14)chr$(147)
100 if c1=c2 and c3=c4 then print "16K": else print"64K" :rem did it echo?
110 end
or:
POKE DEC("D600"),28:POKE DEC("D601"),63:SYS DEC("FF62"):SCNCLR
If you have 16k the screen will fill with zeros; 64k will give you a
ready prompt.
12.7. How can I convert my C64 to run on battery power?
The July, 1990 issue of 73 Amateur Radio has an article on converting
the C64 and 1541 to run on DC power. I'll summarize the C64 portion:
DC Power Conversion for the C64
1. Locate component CR4 on the circuit board. Mark the positive hole on
the board. Desolder and remove the component.
2. Rest :-)
3. Connect the marked hole to +12V.
4. Desolder and remove VR1. Looking down at the component side of the
board, connect a wire from the vacant right hand hole and run it to
+12V.
5. Locate L5. It will probably be in one of two locations. On the older
version, desolder the right hand leg and lift. On the newer version,
desolder the top leg and lift.
6. Connect +5V to the empty L5 hole.
7. Locate the R37 and R100 pads. Use a continuity meter to find the pads
that are connected. Desolder and lift these legs. You will insert a
60 Hz clock here.
8. You could generate this clock using a variety of methods. Here's one:
+12V
__________________________|
| |
| C1 R1 ______|_______
|-)|-+-/\/\/-+-----|6 8 |
| | \ | |
| XTAL1 / R2 | MM5369 |
| | \ | |
|-)|-+-------+-----|5 1|---> 60 Hz (to R37 pad)
C2 | 2 |
---------------
|
GND
C1 = 30 pF
C2 = 3-15 pF (variable)
XTAL1 = 3.57 MHz crystal
R1 = 1k
R2 = 10M
It is suggested that you use a short length of shielded coax cable to
connect the 60 Hz output to the R37/R100 pad.
Also, it is suggested that you use a frequency counter to tune the above
circuit to exactly 60 Hz.
This conversion would work well if you wanted to use the C64 in a car or powered
by a solar set-up.
12.7. How do I build a GEOCable interface?
The interface is simply a cable between the printer and the user port.
The pinout is as follows:
pin on 64 pin on printer
a Ground 33 Grond
b Flag 2 11 Busy
c PB0 2 Data 1
d PB1 3 Data 2
e PB2 4 Data 3
f PB3 5 Data 4
h PB4 6 Data 5
j PB5 7 Data 6
k PB6 8 Data 7
l PB7 9 Data 8
m PA2 1 Strobe
n Ground 16 Ground
Superscript uses the same cable, but has the following change:
b Flag 2 10 Acknowledge
Either wiring will work with either program, but the GEOCable wiring
is preferred.
+ 12.8. How do I connect my Commodore printer to an IBM PC?
+ Look for the plans for the interface at:
+ http://www.coast.net/simtel/msdos/info/c64topc.zip
--
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII) (online sig)
bii@mail.jbrain.com "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, Old CBM computers, and Good Times! -Me-
BII Home: http://www.jbrain.com CBM Info: http://www.jbrain.com/vicug/
User Contributions: |
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