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TIPOFF watchlist--either in January, when word arrived of Mihdhar's visa, or
in March, when word came that Hazmi, too, had had a U.S. visa and a ticket
to Los Angeles.
54
None of this information--about Mihdhar's U.S. visa or Hazmi's travel to
the United States--went to the FBI, and nothing more was done to track any
of the three until January 2001, when the investigation of another bombing,
that of the USS Cole, reignited interest in Khallad.We will return to that story
in chapter 8.
6.2 POST-CRISIS REFLECTION: AGENDA FOR 2000
After the millennium alert, elements of the U.S. government reviewed their
performance.The CIA's leadership was told that while a number of plots had
been disrupted, the millennium might be only the "kick-off " for a period of
extended attacks.
55
Clarke wrote Berger on January 11, 2000, that the CIA, the
FBI, Justice, and the NSC staff had come to two main conclusions. First, U.S.
disruption efforts thus far had "not put too much of a dent" in Bin Ladin's net-
work. If the United States wanted to "roll back" the threat, disruption would
have to proceed at "a markedly different tempo." Second,"sleeper cells" and "a
variety of terrorist groups" had turned up at home.
56
As one of Clarke's staff
noted, only a "chance discovery" by U.S. Customs had prevented a possible
attack.
57
Berger gave his approval for the NSC staff to commence an "after-
action review," anticipating new budget requests. He also asked DCI Tenet to
review the CIA's counterterrorism strategy and come up with a plan for "where
we go from here."
58
The NSC staff advised Berger that the United States had only been "nib-
bling at the edges" of Bin Ladin's network and that more terror attacks were a
question not of "if " but rather of "when" and "where."
59
The Principals Com-
mittee met on March 10, 2000, to review possible new moves.The principals
ended up agreeing that the government should take three major steps. First,
more money should go to the CIA to accelerate its efforts to "seriously attrit"
al Qaeda. Second, there should be a crackdown on foreign terrorist organiza-
tions in the United States. Third, immigration law enforcement should be
strengthened, and the INS should tighten controls on the Canadian border
(including stepping up U.S.-Canada cooperation).The principals endorsed the
proposed programs; some, like expanding the number of Joint Terrorism Task
Forces, moved forward, and others, like creating a centralized translation unit
for domestic intelligence intercepts in Arabic and other languages, did not.
60
Pressing Pakistan
While this process moved along, diplomacy continued its rounds. Direct pres-
sure on the Taliban had proved unsuccessful. As one NSC staff note put it,
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