young Afghan mujahideen. In 1992, KSM spent some time fighting alongside
the mujahideen in Bosnia and supporting that effort with financial donations.
After returning briefly to Pakistan, he moved his family to Qatar at the sug-
gestion of the former minister of Islamic affairs of Qatar, Sheikh Abdallah bin
Khalid bin Hamad al Thani. KSM took a position in Qatar as project engineer
with the Qatari Ministry of Electricity and Water. Although he engaged in
extensive international travel during his tenure at the ministry--much of it in
furtherance of terrorist activity--KSM would hold his position there until early
1996, when he fled to Pakistan to avoid capture by U.S. authorities.
learned of Ramzi Yousef 's intention to launch an attack inside the United States
in 1991 or 1992, when Yousef was receiving explosives training in Afghanistan.
During the fall of 1992, while Yousef was building the bomb he would use in
that attack, KSM and Yousef had numerous telephone conversations during
which Yousef discussed his progress and sought additional funding. On
November 3, 1992, KSM wired $660 from Qatar to the bank account of
Yousef 's co-conspirator, Mohammed Salameh. KSM does not appear to have
contributed any more substantially to this operation.
United States. By his own account, KSM's animus toward the United States
stemmed not from his experiences there as a student, but rather from his vio-
lent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel. In 1994, KSM
accompanied Yousef to the Philippines, and the two of them began planning
what is now known as the Manila air or "Bojinka" plot--the intended bomb-
ing of 12 U.S. commercial jumbo jets over the Pacific during a two-day span.
This marked the first time KSM took part in the actual planning of a terrorist
operation.While sharing an apartment in Manila during the summer of 1994,
he and Yousef acquired chemicals and other materials necessary to construct
bombs and timers.They also cased target flights to Hong Kong and Seoul that
would have onward legs to the United States. During this same period, KSM
and Yousef also developed plans to assassinate President Clinton during his
November 1994 trip to Manila, and to bomb U.S.-bound cargo carriers by
smuggling jackets containing nitrocellulose on board.
Shah, also known as Usama Asmurai, in the Manila air plot. During the fall of
1994,Yousef returned to Manila and successfully tested the digital watch timer
he had invented, bombing a movie theater and a Philippine Airlines flight en
route to Tokyo.The plot unraveled after the Philippine authorities discovered
Yousef 's bomb-making operation in Manila; but by that time, KSM was safely