General:

   Fred Jelinek, "Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition", MIT
   Press.

   Christopher D. Manning, Hinrich Schutze, "Foundations of
   Statistical Natural Language Processing", MIT Press 1999.  [A
   review can be found at:
   http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee/papers/pre-msrev.html ]

   Eugene Charniak, Statistical Language Learning. MIT Press. 1993.

   Allen, James F., "Natural Language Understanding", 2nd edition, The
   Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California,
   (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts), 1995. 
   625 pages, ISBN 0-8053-0335-9. Code for the book is available from
      ftp://bc.aw.com/bc/allen/
      ftp://ftp.cs.rochester.edu/pub/u/james/NLcode/
      ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/user/ai/areas/nlp/bookcode/allen/

   Robert C. Berwick, "Computational Linguistics", MIT Press, 
   Cambridge, MA, 1989, ISBN 0262-02266-4.

   Brady, Michael, and Berwick, Robert C., "Computational Models
   of Discourse", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.

   Michael A. Covington, "Natural Language Processing for Prolog
   Programmers", Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994. ISBN
   0-13-629213-5.

   Gazdar, G. and Mellish, C., "Natural Language Processing in Lisp:
   An Introduction to Computational Linguistics", Addison-Wesley,
   Reading, Massachusetts, 1989. (There are three different editions
   of the book, one for Lisp, one for Prolog, and one for Pop-11.)

   Grosz, Barbara J., Sparck-Jones, Karen, and Webber, Bonnie L.,
   "Readings in Natural Language Processing", Morgan Kaufmann
   Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1986, 664 pages. ISBN 0-934613-11-7, $44.95.

   Klaus K. Obermeier, "Natural Language Processing Technologies
   in Artificial Intelligence: The Science and Industry Perspective",
   John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.

   Fernando C.N. Pereira and Barbara Grosz, "Natural Language
   Processing", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994. 531 pages, ISBN
   0-262-66092-X ($35).

   Schank, R. and Abelson, R.  "Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding,"
   Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1977.

   Terry Winograd, "Language as a Cognitive Process", Addison-Wesley,
   Reading, MA, 1983.

Terminology:

   David Crystal, "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics", 3rd Edition,
   Basil Blackwell Publishers, New York, 1991.

Parsing:

   Dick Grune and Ceriel J.H. Jacobs, "Parsing Techniques -- A Practical
   Guide", Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England, 1990. 
   320 pages, ISBN 0-13-651431-6. [Covers most parsing algorithms and
   includes an extensive annotated bibliography.]
   For more information, see http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dick/PTAPG.html or
   ftp://ftp.cs.vu.nl/pub/dick/PTAPG/

   Marcus, M.  "A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language,"
   The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980.

   Pereira, F. and Sheiber, S.  "Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis,"
   Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1987.

   Tomita, M. (Editor), "Current Issues in Parsing Technology", 
   Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1991.

   Tomita, M., "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
   Computational Linguistics 13:31-46, 1987.

Statistical Parsing and Modeling:

   Peter F. Brown and Stephen A. DellaPietra and Vincent
   J. DellaPietra and Jennifer C. Lai and Robert L. Mercer, "An
   Estimate of an Upper Bound for the Entropy of English",
   Computational Linguistics, 18:1 pp31-40, 1992.

   Eugene Charniak, "Statistical Language Learning", MIT Press, 1993.
   [Easy-to-read text, if a bit dated.]

   Eugene Charniak, "Statistical Parsing with a Context-Free Grammar
   and Word Statistics", AAAI, 1997.

   Stanley F. Chen and Joshua T. Goodman, "An Empirical Study of
   Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling", Proceedings of the
   34th Annual Meeting of the ACL, 1996.

   Michael Collins, "Three Generative, Lexicalised Models for
   Statistical Parsing", Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the
   ACL, 1997.

   F. Jelinek and J. D. Lafferty and R. L. Mercer, "Basic Methods of
   Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars", Computational Linguistics, 1992/

   K. Lari and S.J. Young, "Applications of Stochastic Context-Free
   Grammars using the  Inside-Outside Algorithm", Computer Speech and
   Language 5:237-257, 1991.

   David Magerman, "Natural Language Parsing as Statistical Pattern
   Recognition", PhD thesis, Stanford University, 1994.

   M. Marcus and B. Santorini and M. Marcinkiewicz, "Building a Large
   Annontated Corpus of English: the Penn Treebank", Computational
   Linguistics, 19:2, 1993

   Fernando Pereira and Naftali Tishby and Lillian Lee,
   "Distributional Clustering of English Words", Proceedings of the
   31st Annual Meeting of the ACL, 1993.

   Wright, J., "LR Parsing of Probabilistic Grammars with Input
   Uncertainty for Speech Recognition", Computer Speech and Language
   4:297-323, 1990. 

   Zhi Biao Wu, Loke Soo Hsu, and Chew Lim Tan, "A Survey of Statistical
   Approaches to Natural Language Processing", Technical report TRA4/92,
   Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, National
   University of Singapore, 1992

Natural Language Understanding:

   Bertram C. Bruce, "Case systems for natural language", Artificial
   Intelligence 6:327-360, 1975.

   E. Charniak, "Passing Markers: A Theory of Contextual Influence in
   Language Comprehension", Cognitive Science, 7:171-190, 1983.

   Cohen, P. R., Morgan, J. and Pollack, M., editors, "Intentions in
   Communication", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.

   Dyer, M.  "In-Depth Understanding:  A Computer Model of Integrated
   Processing for Narrative Comprehension,"  MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.

   Grosz, Barbara J. and Sidner, Candace L., "Attention, Intention, and
   the Structure of Discourse", Computational Linguistics 12(3):175-204, 1986.

   Aravind Joshi, Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag, "Elements of Discourse
   Understanding", Cambridge University Press, New York, 1981.

   Yorick Wilks, "A Preferential, Pattern-Seeking, Semantics For
   Natural Language Inference", Artificial Intelligence, 6:53-74, 1975.

Natural Language Interfaces:

   Raymond C. Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz, "Natural Language
   Interfaces", Annual Review of Computer Science, volume 1, J.F. Traub,
   editor, pages 435-452, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1986.

Natural Language Generation:

   McKeown, Kathleen R. and Swartout, William R., "Language
   Generation and Explanation", in Zock, M. and Sabah, G.,
   editors, Advances in Natural Language Generation, Volume 1, Pages
   1-51, Ablex Publishing Company, Norwood, NJ, 1988. (Overview of
   the state of the art in natural language generation.)

   There are several books published as a result of the international
   workshops on natural language generation.

Machine Translation:

   Bonnie J. Dorr, "Machine Translation: A View from the Lexicon" MIT
   Press, Cambridge, MA 1993. 408 pages, ISBN 0-262-04138-3 ($45).

   Kenneth Goodman and Sergei Nirenburg., editors, "The KBMT Project: A
   Case Study in Knowledge-Based Machine Translation", Morgan Kaufmann
   Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1991. 331 pages, ISBN 1-558-60129-5, $34.95.

   W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers, "An Introduction to Machine
   Translation", Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. 362 pages, ISBN
   0-123-62830-X.

   A review of MT systems on the market appeared in BYTE 18(1), January 1993.
   (can anyone give me a proper citation for this?)

Linguistics:

   Vivian J. Cook, "Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction", Basil
   Blackwell Publisher, New York, 1988, 201 pages.

   Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman, "An Introduction to Language",
   Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 4th edition, 1988, 474 pages.

   Ralph Grishman, "Computational Linguistics: An Introduction",
   Cambridge University Press, New York, 1986, 193 pages. [Mainly parsing.]

   Liliane M.V. Haegeman, "Introduction to Government and Binding
   Theory", Basil Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1991, 618 pages.

   Michael A. K. Halliday, "An Introduction to Functional Grammar",
   Edward Arnold, London, 1985.

   Geoffrey C. Horrocks, "Generative Grammar", Longman, London, 1987,
   339 pages. 

   Andrew Radford, "Transformational Grammar: A First Course", Cambridge
   University Press, New York, 1988, 625 pages.